CRIMINAL ANTHROPOLOGy. 649 



inoffensive and possibly unknown person whom be may find witbin 

 reach of bis fist or weapon; or one torn witb a desire for drink ; all tbese 

 are pbenomona of tlie same features and are illustrations of disturbed 

 equilibriums. 



In tbese cases a conflict is engendered between tbe posterior brain (of 

 wbicb tins particular center is in a state of eretbism), and tbe moderat- 

 ing centers. Tbe facts wbicb sbow tbese unbealtby impulsions of syn- 

 droinatic degenerates are analogous to tbose of otber degenerates 

 wbose acts are criminal, wbile in tbe preceding similar cases tbe center 

 moderators, in spite of tbeir decreased energy, can, for a time at least, 

 interpose and bold a cbeck or counterbalance on tbis impulsion. Upon 

 tbe contrary, among degenerate criminals tbese centers are scarcely 

 represented. Tbey bave small energy, are content to remain idle, will 

 not carry on tbe contest, and tbeir feeble compulsion leaves tbe indi- 

 vidual witbout any protest from tbe anterior region. He is tben ruled 

 by bis instinct alone, and tbis witbout any counterbalance or govern- 

 ment. 



Conclusion: Tbe infinite cbanges under wbicb are presented tbe 

 mental differences of tbose wbo are bereditarily degenerate, tbougb 

 tbey may appear mucb varied, can be definitely classed as follows : 



A. Predominance of intellectual faculty, but moral state defective, — 

 degenerate criminals. 



B. Moral state preponderate, but intellectual faculties and aptitudes 

 inactive or wanting. 



0. Apparent e(piilibrium of tbe faculties, but prominent defect in 

 brin.ging tbem into usage, as in application, effort, emotion, etc. 



Having gotten tbis conception of tbe degenerates, it is not astonisb- 

 ing tbat cerebral anomalies sbould nuinifest tbemselves in tbeir infancy. 

 Tbese are tbe original tares wbicb manifest tbemselves in tbe psycbic 

 life. From tbe age of 4 or 5 years, even before a vicious education lias 

 bad time to influence or modify tbem, tbese young subjects will present 

 characters of impulsiveness, pbenomena of mental arrest, intellectual 

 and moral anomalies, tbeir strange decisions and uncertain actions as 

 tbougb possessed of an evil spirit and by wbicb tbey can be segregated 

 from tbeir fellows and established into a separate class. Tbese are ex- 

 amples of perverse instinct, cruel impulses, cruelty to animals. Usually 

 these strange anomalies belong only to a special part of tbe brain wbicb 

 may bave been gravely affected by cerebral lesions, or tbrown com- 

 pletely out of equilibrium by functional troubles wbicb may provoke in 

 certain centers a great excitement and in others a diminution of their 

 activity. In tbese children one sometimes encounters a bereditary 

 pathology wbicb may explain tbe troubles of their cerebral develoj)- 

 ment. Tbe individual cases wbicb serve as illustrations of tbese propo- 

 sitions are to be found in great number. Tbey are set forth in medical 

 journals and are given by tbe standard medical authors. In each of 

 tbese cases and in all otbers known, it is remarkable tbat in spite of 



