686 CRIMINAL ANTHROPOLOGY. 



fanatism, the impressionability, and the exaltation of th© individual 

 These, said they, were particular factors in political crimes. 



Professor Lorabroso cited M. Taine, and said that these political 

 crimes were what the anthropological historian might well call political 

 epilepsy. 



Question XXVI L — Jurisprudence applied to criminal sociology. M. 

 Pierre Sarraute, judge of the tribunal at Perigueux, Dordogne, reporter. 



The punishment for crime ought to be against the individual. The 

 particular individual criminal should be made to feel that he received 

 the punishment for his ofitense. To accomplish this with satisfaction 

 the juge d'iustruction should be able to investigate the anthropologic 

 and social factors which have entered into or operated upon the miud 

 of the criminal in causing him to commit the offense. The juge d'iu- 

 struction must himself be educated, and it must be remitted into his 

 hands entirely to judge of the utility, and extent of the examination, 

 and to control the results. To do this successfully it will be necessary 

 to open a course of lectures upon criminal anthropology and medical 

 jurisprudence in the various schools of law, and to educate the students 

 in these sciences. The reporter proposed as a remedy for some of the 

 lapses in the law, and the miscarriages of justice, an indeterminate 

 sentence by the judge; he proposed profound modifications in tliejury 

 system, requiring of them in particular cases, special aptitude, special 

 preparations or educations, enabling them to deal properly with the 

 subject in hand. He would reduce the number of the jurors and would 

 require them to give their answers to the questions submitted to them 

 by the court, which answers should establish the facts in the case with 

 which they as jurors alone had to deal, leaving the questions of law to 

 the judge of the court; leaving the anthropologic questions, those of 

 psychology and physiology, to the trained scientist, who should be a 

 criminal anthropologist. With a training of the lawyers and judges in 

 these various sciences, and then a division of their various duties and 

 responsibilities, with higher courts which should combine in them these 

 various branches of scientific knowledge, the right of the criminal would 

 be guarded, while crime would be lessened and society protected. 



Question XXX. — The moral and criminal responsibility of deaf-mutes 

 in their relations to legislation. M. Giampietro, of Naples, reporter. 



He argued the defective physical organization of deaf mutes, and 

 seemed to say that there was a corresponding want of responsibility 

 which should be recognized by the law and the court. The important 

 part of his paper, which can not be here followed, was the scientific 

 portion, the physiologic investigations into the conditions of deaf-mutes 

 and the formation of articulate language. He described certain brain 

 centers which were possessed of such functions in this regard. He 

 called them the centers auditif, phonique, volitif, mnemoniqiie, ideosym- 

 bolique, and moteur. 



