TECHNOLOGY AND CIVILIZATION. 717 



in sulphur, which in my earliest childhood I saw used in my home, are 

 examples which have kept their places iu spite of the all-conquering 

 match ; it would be well to have specimens of these preserved in ethno- 

 graphical museums. 



Later came steel and flint, a physical tension work used for itself. 

 With their help one kindled — and many still do it today — the tinder, 

 an easily freed tension work, especially prepared for the purpose and 

 consisting at that time of burnt linen. 



On the tinder as soon as it glimmered, Was set free a chemical ten- 

 sion work rather difficult to release, the thread dipped iu suli)hur, and 

 finally with this, a thin piece of wood, but not for a time a coal. For 

 the kindling of the wood alone one used, in succession, four distinct 

 tension works, one physical, stone and steel, and three chemical, tinder, 

 sulphur, and wood. 



We now see the match fully in the domain of the former developed 

 principle. The little important tire tool was made by combining three, 

 but soon after four tension works, and is a chemical tension work of the 

 fourth order, formed from the tension works i)hosphorous, chloracid 

 kali, sulphur, and wood. For the sulphur, as is known, was later sub- 

 stituted in many ways wax or parafifine. But the principle is very 

 plainly recognized ; each one of tie tension works following one upon 

 another, is more diflicult to set free than its predecessor, but was freed 

 definitely, and theu through a very easy mechanical action upon the 

 little tension work most highly sensitive, the hair-trigger, brought about 

 the deliverance, as it were, of each of the four obstructions which had 

 caused such trouble, demanding the entire force of one and frequently 

 of two men. That the combination of the four tension works was so 

 recently attained proves that the fundamental principle of the train of 

 thought must have been quite difficult. 



W"e have now, at last, the manganistical principle fully before us, in a 

 common form as well as in the greatest, the examples embracing the 

 most powerful forces, dowu to the finest and smallest, and we can de- 

 clare that the method consists: In the cultivation depe7iding upon a sci- 

 entific knowledge of the laws of nature, and the resulting higher orders, 

 and those standing side hij side, of mechanical, physical, and chemical drive 

 work. 



If the foregoing is developed essentially with a consideration of me- 

 chanical technical aims, it permits itself to turn without any comi)ul- 

 sion upon the precedency of chemical technology and may, therefore, 

 be found to embrace iu itself the entire problem. One has only, for ex- 

 ample, to think of a chemical manufactory, etc., and how sulphuric acid 

 enters as a physical and mechanical medium in the colors. As in the 

 above both of the others are side by side with the mechanical. 



From the standpoint now gained, if we again consider scientific tech- 

 nology, we shall see how its results are closely bound with our life 

 habits, indeed, with our entire culture* W© may overlook the fact that 



