322 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1941 



milk, and grains, palm oil, peanuts, and rice oil, arranged in the order 

 of their richness. 



Evidence of lack of the vitamin is sterility, placental failure, re- 

 tardation of growth, degenerative diseases of nervous system, mus- 

 cular weakness, muscular dystrophy, habitual abortion. Enough of 

 this vitamin will probably be obtained by most animals that are sup- 

 plied with plenty of grain and green food. It is known to be essen- 

 tial for dogs and chickens, not essential for goats, sheep, or rabbits. 

 Habitual abortions in cattle and pigs have been successfully treated 

 with vitamin E preparations. It can be supplied in the form of 

 medicine, as wheat-germ oil. 



Vitamin F. — Certain unsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid, 

 were known at one time as vitamin F. There is little evidence to 

 justify its use for skin abnormalities when added to the diet or 

 when applied externally. The Bureau of Investigation of the Amer- 

 ican Medical Association holds much the same opinion. However, 

 Weinstein and Glennar state that vitamin F may be of value in some 

 diseases of the skin, including allergic eczema. 



Vitamin K (antihemorrhagic). — Good sources are alfalfa, kale, 

 spinach, dried carrot tops, tomatoes, chestnuts, soybean oil, and 

 certain other vegetables, putrefied fish meal, bran, casein, alfalfa leaf 

 meal, hog liver, hemp seed, cabbage, carrot greens, cauliflower, egg 

 yolk, rice bran. The sources listed are not necessarily arranged in 

 the order of their value, as little is known about the occurrence of 

 this vitamin or the amounts necessary for animal welfare. Lack 

 of the vitamin results in prolonged coagulation time of blood, and 

 anemia. It can be supplied in oil, capsules, and tablets. 



Pantothenic acid (filtrate factor — antidermatitis). — Good sources 

 are dried yeast, liver, rice polishings, whole-grain cereals, lean beef, 

 egg yolk, milk, peanuts, yeast, molasses, peas, rice bran, salmon, 

 wheat bran, wheat germ. Lack of this vitamin is evidenced by corni- 

 fied skin, dermatitis, desquamation of skin, granulation of eyelids, 

 incrustation of mouth, retarded growth. This vitamin has been 

 found essential for the nutrition and growth of chicks, rats, dogs. 



Choline occurs in bran, Qgg yolk, heart, kidney, liver, pancreas, 

 sweetbreads, tongue, fish, fruits, grains, meat, milk, root vegetables; 

 it is most plentiful in the first eight. Evidence of the lack of this 

 vitamin in human beings is impairment of liver and kidney functions, 

 hemorrhagic degeneration of the kidneys, regression of thymus, en- 

 largement of spleen. It has been found essential for normal satis- 

 factory metabolism, lactation, growth, and structural elements in 

 body tissues, and is known to prevent fatty livers and "perosis," 

 or slipped tendon, in turkeys. 



There is no proved commercial source. 



