CARE OF CAPTIVE ANIAIALS — WALKER 323 



Vitamin P. — The "permeability" vitamin (citrin, hesperidin) is a 

 factor, other than vitamin C, in paprika and lemon peel. It is 

 necessary for normal capillary resistance in guinea pigs. This vita- 

 min is present in material (called hesperetin or hespendrii) flavone, 

 a colorless crystalline substance. From it are formed numerous yel- 

 low dyestuffs, some of which (atrin) have an antiscorbutic vitamin 

 influence. 



Vitamin T. — This is a factor present in sesame oil. It is reported 

 to produce with regularity an increase in the number of platelets 

 in the blood of normal children. A fat, soluble substance not pres- 

 ent in cod liver oil or olive oil — therefore not vitamin A ; it has been 

 called vitamin T. 



Vitamins A and D are the ones most likely to be lacking in diets. 



Many elements available in minerals are known to be essential 

 parts of a properly balanced diet for animals. Calcium, phosphorus, 

 sodium, magnesium, chlorine, iodine, potassium, and sulfur are re- 

 quired in some quantity. Smaller amounts, or mere traces, are re- 

 quired of copper, manganese, cobalt, zinc, iron, and fluorine. 



MEATS 



All animal products will be treated under this heading. 



Beef, horsemeat, chickens, rats, mice, and rabbits are most com- 

 monly used. However, almost all meats will be eaten by some animals. 

 Wlien the flesh of larger animals such as cattle, horses, sheep, goats, or 

 pigs is fed, efforts should be made to feed not only the red meat but 

 also the skin, glands, such as the liver, blood, viscera, fat, bones, bone 

 marrow, and brains. 



Chickens, pigeons, mice, rats, rabbits, and other small animals 

 should be given freshly killed, and whole, if possible. 



Milk is an excellent food, especially for building bones. It is often 

 taken by sick animals when other food is refused. Adults in good 

 health sometimes take milk alone ; and milk is a good vehicle for giv- 

 ing medicines to an animal. Raw eggs can frequently be mixed in 

 it to provide very nutritious food for such animals as anteaters, car- 

 nivores that are not well, and young animals. Dried skim milk is 

 especially useful for travelers. Evaporated milk can be used wher- 

 ever raw milk is needed, and need only be diluted with water. 



Chicken and other eggs are excellent foods and can be used raw or 

 boiled, alone, or mixed with other foods. 



Cheese and cottage cheese are valuable for supplying the important 

 protein of milk. 



Insects are eaten by such great nmnbers of animals that they should 

 not be overlooked in providing foods for many different species. 



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