INSECTS AND FOREST MANAGEMENT — CRAIGHEAD 389 



environment brought about through the medium of logging are often 

 such that trees left will succumb without the attack of either insects 

 or fungi, and the borer plays only the role of a secondary factor in 

 hastening post-logging decadence." 



Thus a study of this insect has led to a better understanding of the 

 silvical characteristics of these trees and the need of modification in 

 cutting practices. 



The turpentine borer, Buprestis apricans (Herbst) (pi. 12), has 

 been a contributing factor in shaping plans for the management of the 

 turpentine groves of the South. This borer attacks the faces of 

 turpentined trees, riddling the entire bases of the trees with its 

 mines and so weakening them as to cause extensive wind throw. It 

 was found that only "dry-faced" or fire-scorched faces from which 

 the protective coating of resin had been removed were attacked. 

 This emphasized the value of conservative practices, such as narrow 

 chipping and fire protection — practices which were advocated for 

 obtaining better yields of gum (Beal, 1932). 



LITERATURE CITED 

 Aebiveb, David. 



1930. An adventure in bug hunting. Amer. For. and For. Life, vol. 36, 

 No. 2, pp. 71-73. 

 Bakkr, W. L, and Cline, A. C. 



1936. A study of the gypsy moth in the town of Petersham, Mass., in 1935. 

 Journ. Forestry, vol. 34, No. 8, pp. 759-765. 

 Balch, R. E. 



1941. The spruce sawfly outbreak in 1940. Pulp and Pap. Mag. Canada, 

 vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 219-222. 

 Beal, J. A. 



1932. Control of the turpentine borer in the Naval Stores region. U. S. 

 Dep. Agr. Circ. 226, 18 pp. 

 Behee, C. E., Cline, A. C, and Bakeb, W. L. 



1936. Silvicultural control of the gypsy moth. 16 pp. Massachusetts Forest 

 and Park Association, Boston. 

 Blackman, M. W. 



1924. The effect of deficiency and excess in rainfall upon the hickory bark 

 beetle. Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 460-470. 

 Caisd, Ralph W. 



1935. Physiology of pines infested with bark beetles. Bot. Gaz., vol. 96, 

 No. 4, pp. 709-733. 

 Caby, Austin. 



1900. Insect damage to spruce timber in Maine and New Hampshire. The 



Forester, vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 52-54. 

 1932. Effect of drought on pine trees. Naval Stores Rev., vol. 42, Nos. 

 15, 17, 18, 19. 

 Clement, G. E. 



1917. Control of the gypsy moth by forest management. U. S. Dep. Agr. 

 BuU. No. 484, 54 pp. 



