526 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1941 



perforatwm L.) , Queen Anne's lace {Daucus carota L.) , catnip {Nepeta 

 cataria L.) , and peppermint {Mentha piperita L.) . To the aster fam- 

 ily belong the greatest number of important introduced herbs. Of 

 these, elecampagne {Inula helenium L.), consumption medicine, is 

 domesticated and as an escape on abandoned settlements "grows like 

 sunflower" (gawe" Qsoontha' (S.) ) (pi. 5, fig. 2) , while common yarrow 

 {Achillea millefolium L.) along the paths "grows like hemlock" 

 (gan/'dQitha'), with mayweed {Anthemis cotula L.) for summer 

 complaint, and tansy {Tanacetwm vulgare L.) with its "powerful 

 odor" (gahijmda'gerasgoowa (M.)) for sick headache; and to com- 

 plete the list add burdock {Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh.) for body 

 pains, dandelion {Leontodon taraxacwm L.) present since Kalm's 

 day, and useless devil's-paintbrush {Hieracium, aurantiacuvn L.) 

 which the birds disseminated from Canada during the lifetime of the 

 late John Armstrong (Seneca). 



In general these introduced plants bear Iroquois names betokening 

 their diffusion during historic times, or they are named after native 

 plants which they resemble. Names of new plants differ markedly 

 more than old plant names. Their uses, when not actually acquired 

 simultaneously or later from herbals, are based on analogies with 

 older plants. Significantly, they are not employed in ancient cere- 

 monies, and frequently are not used at all. 



