180 SCIENTIFIC LABORS OF EDWARD LARTET. 



The rliiuoceros may be compared to the E. latidens ; the authracotherium 

 to the Hiiypoiwtamus leptorliynclms^ of Eouzon, near Puj-m- Velay ; the pa- 

 leotherium to a species of Paloplotherium of the calcareous deposit of 

 Eouzon. The existence of the rhinoceros is thus carried back to the 

 ftime of the paloplotherium. The same rehxtions between these animals 

 [may extend to the beds of Hempstead, in the Isle of Wight, where there 

 are hippopotami and paleotherians ; also, to Bournocle Saint Pierre, where 

 the lihinoccros Briiiaiensis has been found associated with a paleotherium. 

 Certain types of mammals which have been for a long time considered 

 as characteristic of distinct tertiary periods ought now to be examined 

 carefully with reference to the age of the deposits in which they are found. 



III. — RESEARCHES RELATIVE TO QUATERNARY FAUNA TO THAT OF 

 THE CAVES AND TO THAT OF THE PRESENT TIME. 



The researches of M. Lartet in regard to quaternary fauna, to that of 

 the caves, and to fossil man, added gTcatly to his reputation, and placed 

 him among the most illustrious saxans of our country. He did not seek 

 celebrity ; modest, conscientious, and burdened with the heavy respon- 

 sibdities of an official position, he loved science for the pleasure it 

 gives its votaries. His amicable relations with most of the naturalists 

 of Europe was of great advantage to him, and his careful study of qua- 

 teruaiy and tertiary fauna prei)ared him for the discussion of the gieat 

 question of fossil man. It was, therefore, not surprising that he should 

 have distinguished himself in this bnmch of natm^al science. 



The memoir of M. Lartet upou the ancient migTations of the mammals 

 of the present time may be considered as an introduction to the consid- 

 eration of the fauna of the caves. According to his observations, the 

 quaternary fauna includes two distmct zoological groups : The first is 

 represented by the elephant of Africa, the two-horned rhinoceros, the hip- 

 popotamus, the lion, the panther, the serval, the striped hyena, the genet, 

 the wild boar, &c., animals now nearly all African, which lived in 

 Europe before, during, and after the great migratory phenomenon of the 

 north. 



The second zoological group is composed of mammals of northern 

 origin, Elcplias prbnkjcniuSj BMnoccros tichorhiuus, and many species of 

 Europe. A few of its representatives, the musk-ox, the lemming, the 

 glutton, thereindeer, since the quaternary period, have migrated to subarc- 

 tic latitudes ; others, such as the ElepJias primujenms, the Rhinoceros tich- 

 orliinus, Cervus (jiganteus, Bos primigenius, Ursus spckviis, &c., aregene- 

 1 ally becoming extinct, in accordance with the laws which control the 

 loiigexity of individuals, and so limit tlie duration of species. 



Truly an examination of the quaternary fauna is not less important 

 ihan that of the periods which preceded and followed it, and we can 

 well comprehend M. Lartet's opposition to the doctrine, then all-power- 

 ful, which reduced to a short period of physical convulsions, the time 

 during which the quaternary species were developed. " This quaternary 



