METEOEOLOGY IN EUSSIA. 295 



towu. Baku is situated in a low, arid country north of this place. 

 The vicinity of Kuba and Derbent has much more rains, because the 

 ramifications of the high Shah-Dagh approach the Caspian, This country 

 has magnificent forests and very favorable conditions for agriculture. 



I have already said that the opening and freezing of rivers was long 

 ago observed in Russia. These data give us the means of ascertaining 

 something of climates where no thermometrical observations have been 

 made. 



In the following table the rivers are arranged according to natural 

 basins. The principal rivers are taken from theii' source to their mouth, 

 and their affluents afterwards. 



Numhcr of days the rivers were frozen. 



BASIN OF TPIE PACIFIC. 



Amoor at Nicolajevsk 193 



Ouou near Ncrtcbiusk 170 



BASIN OF THE ARCTIC. 



Yana at Ustyansk, 70° N 260 



Lena at Kirensk, 57° 204 



Lena at Yakoutsk, 62° 204 



Yenisei at Yenisseisk, 58° 171 



Angara- at Irkoutvsk, 52° y7 



Obi at Barnaul, 53° 167 



Irtish at Tobolsk, 58" 173 



Tom at Tomsk, 56° l.SO 



Tobol at Kurgan 171 



Sosva at Beresov, 64° 207 



Isset at Catberineburg 179 



Petcbora at its mouth, about 240 



Dwina at Archangel, 65° 191 



Sncbona at Ustjug iqq 



Wy tscbegda at Jarensk 132 



Wologcla at Wologila, 59° 170 



Onega, 64° 169 



Tana at Utsjoki, 69° 197 



BASIN OF THE BALTIC. 



Kemi near Toneo, 66° 207 



Enontekois, 68° 228 



Uleo at Uleaborg, 65° 201 



Neva at St. Petersburg, 60° j47 



Narova at Narva, 59° 237 



Embacb at Dorpiit, 58° ]3] 



Dwiua at Witebsk, 56° I34 



Dwina at Riga, 57° jgg 



Niemen at Kovno, 54° 90 



Vistula at Warsaw, 52° g5 



BASIN OF THE BLACK AND AZOV SEAS. 



Danube at Galatz, 45° 48 



Dneper at Kie>^, 50° 97 



