404 NORTH AMERICAN STONE IMPLEMENTS. 



term — certainly did uot stow away all their articles of nse and ornament 

 in the mounds, but ne(;essarily left a great many of them scattered over 

 the surface, which became mingled with those of the succeeding occu- 

 pants of the soil. Both the mound-builders and the later Indians lived 

 in an age of stone, and as their wants were the same, they resorted to 

 the same means to satisfy them. Their manufactures, therefore, must 

 exhibit a considerable degree of similarity, and hence the great difh- 

 culty of separating them. 



Yet Mr. Stevens goes in this respect farther than any one before him. 

 He is particularly orthodox in the matter of pipes. Those who have 

 I)aid some attention to the antiquities of ^N^orth America, are aware of 

 the fact that Messrs. Squier and Davis found in the mounds of Ohio, 

 especially in one mound near Chillicothe, a number of stone pipes of 

 peculiar shape, which they have described in the "Ancient Monuments 

 of the Mississippi Valley." In these pipes the bowl rises from the mid- 

 dle of a flat and somewhat curved base, one side of which communicates 

 by means of a narrow perforation, usually one-sixth of an inch (about 

 four millimeters) in diameter, with the hollow of the bowl, and repre- 

 sents the tube, or rather the mouth-piece of the pipe, while the other 

 unperforated end forms the handle by which the smoker held the im- 

 plement and approached it to his mouth. In the more elaborate speci- 

 mens the bowl is formed, in some instances, in imitation of the human 

 head, but generally of the body of an animal — mammal, bird, or reptile. 

 These pipes, then, were smoked either without any stem, which seems 

 probable, or by means of a very diminutive tube of some kind, the nar- 

 row bore of the base not allowing the insertion of anything like a mas- 

 sive stem. The authors of the "Ancient Monuments" called these pipes 

 " mound-pipes," merely to designate that particular class of smoking 

 utensils; it Avas not their intention to convey the idea that the mound- 

 builders had been unacquainted with j^ipes into which stems were in- 

 serted. On the contrary, they distinctly assign a beautiful x)ipe of the 

 latter kind, representing the body of a bird with a l\uman head* to the 

 mound-builders, though this specimen was not found in a mound, but 

 within an ancient inclosure twelve miles below the city of Chillicothe. 

 Referring to this pipe, Mr. Stevens says: "Squier and Davis consider 

 that this object is a relic of the mound-builders : but it does not appear 

 that any pipe of similar for::), or indeed anij pipe intended to be smoked 

 by means of an inserted stem, has been found in any of the Ohio mounds." 

 Upon inquiry I learned from Dr. Davis that mounds had been leveled 

 by the plough within the inclosure where the pipe in question was found, 

 which, he is convinced, belonged to the original contents of one of those 

 obliterated mounds. In the Smithsonian report for 1808, I published 

 (on page 399) the drawing of a pipe then in i)ossession of Dr. Davis. 

 Its shai)e is that of a barrel somewhat narrowing at the bottom, and its 

 material an almost transparent rock-crystal. The two hollows, one for 



* Fig. 147 ou i\ 247 of the "Ancient Monuments;" Fig. 106 on p. 509 of " Flint Chips." 



