NORTH AMERICAN STONE IMPLEMENTS. 405 



the reception of the smoking material, and tbe other for inserting a 

 stem, meet under an obtuse angle. This pipe was taken from a mound 

 near Bainbridge, Eoss County, Ohio. Mr. Stevens suggests it had been 

 associated with a secondary interment, (p. 524.) Dr. Davis, however, 

 who is acquainted with the circumstances of its discovery, told me that 

 it belonged, with various other objects, to the primary deposit of the 

 mound. Thus it would seem that the mound-builders confined them- 

 selves by no means to the use of one particular class of pipes. 



Those who advocate a strict classification of North American relics 

 according to earlier or later periods, should bear in mind that mound- 

 building was still in use — if not in Ohio, at least in other parts of the 

 l>resent United States — when the first Europeans arrived, though the 

 practice seems to have been abandoned soon after the colonization of 

 the country by the whites. Yet, even in comparatively modern times, 

 isolated cases of mound-building have been recorded,* which fact would 

 indicate, perhaps, a lingering inclination to perpetuate an ancient, 

 almost forgotten custom. Many of the earthworks in the Southern 

 States doubtless were built by the race of Indians inhabiting the country 

 when the Spaniards under De Soto made a vain attempt to take pos- 

 session of that vast territory, then comprised under the name of Florida. 

 For this we have Garcilasso de la Vega's often-quoted statement relat- 

 ing to the earth-structures of the Indians. The Floridians, we also 

 know, erected at the same i)eriod mounds to mark the resting-places of 

 their defunct chieftains. Le Moyne de I\[orgaes has left in the " Brevis 

 Narratio " a reiiresentation and description of a funend of this kind. 

 When the mound was heaped up, the mourners stuck arrows in the 

 ground around its base, and placed the drinking vessel of the deceased, 

 made of a large sea shell, on the apex of the pile.f But even without 

 such historical testimony, the continuance of mound-building might be 

 deduced from the fact that articles of European origin are met, though 

 rarely, among the primary deposits of mounds. The following inter- 

 esting coinuumicaiion, for which I am indebted to Colonel Charles C. 

 Jones, will serve to illustrate one case of mound-burial that can be re- 

 ferred with certainty to a period posterior to the European occupation 

 of the country : 



" I have found in several mounds," says my informant, " glass beads 

 and silver ornaments, and, in one instance, a part of a rifle-barrel, which 

 were evidently buried with the dead. These, however, were secondary 

 interments, the graves being upon the top, or sides, or near the base of 

 the mound, and only a few feet deep. Never but in one case have I 

 discovered any article of European manufacture interred with the dead' 

 in whose honor the mound was clearly erected. Upon opening a small 

 earth-mound on the Georgia coast, a few miles below Savannah, I found 

 a clay vessel, several flint arrow-heads, a hand-axe of stone, and apor- 



'Sqnier, Aboriginal Mouumeuts of New York, j). 112, &c. 



tLe Moyne, in DeBry, vol. ii, Francoforti ad Moeuum, 1591, pi. XL. 



