I08 THE PALAEOLITHIC PERIOD 



work above cited (Man the PvivKBval Savage), In many cases 

 ;he was actually able to replace on the tongue-shaped implements, 

 the chips and flakes produced during their manufacture. 



The discovery of a very large number of implements has 

 l^een recorded from Farnham but I have not the reference by me 

 at the time of writing. 



The only tongue-shaped implement from the valley of the 

 Wandle is that found by myself at Mitcham and recorded in 

 Science Gossip^^. 



Church has recorded implements in his " Notes on Drift 

 Gravels at West Wickham "^'^ and my friend Kennard has a 

 large collection from the same locality. They come from a 

 patch of gravel occurring at a slightly higher level than the 

 majority of the valley-drifts and many of them have decided 

 Eolithic affinities. 



The deposits of gravel, sand and loam, which constitute the 

 valley drift of the Thames basin, have yielded the remains of one 

 •of the most remarkable fauna ever gathered together in so small 

 an area. Bones of animals which are now only met with in 

 different and widely-separated parts of the world are mingled 

 with those of extinct species of elephant and rhinoceros, and with 

 the flint implements of the men who were their contemporaries. 



The extinct vertebrates comprise the trogontherium, two 

 species of fellow-deer, three of rhinoceros, two of elephants, and 

 a vole. One of the elephants is the well-known species whose 

 hairy carcases have been found in the frozen tundras on the 

 further side of the Urals, and of which the cave-men of the 

 Dordogne have left such faithfully-executed engravings. 



Those of the existing species which did not survive the 

 Palaeolithic period in this country include such diversely dis- 

 tributed animals as the hippopotamus, spotted hyaena and lion, 

 which are now practically confined to the continent of Africa, 

 and the musk-ox, whose habitat at the present day is restricted 

 to the Arctic regions of North America. 



Another group, which includes two voles — Microtus raUiceps 

 and M. gvegalis — the saiga and the souslik, is to-day characteristic 

 of the Steppes. Tvvo species of lemming are also comprised in 



19 J. p. Johnson " Palaeolithic Man in Valley of the Wandle," Science Gossip, N. S. 

 -v-ii., pp. 69-71. 177, 221. 



20 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. Ivi. (1900.) 



