232 ADDITIONAL NOTES ON TREE-TRUNK WATER-PIPES. 



but it became necessary to remove them, and substitute iron 

 pipes, " though at that period some prejudices were enter- 

 tained with respect to their affecting the quality of the water." 

 The exact date of this substitution of iron for stone pipes 

 is not given. 



Of the Southwark Water Company we learn that " prior to 

 this period (1820-22) the supply of water had always been 

 conveyed through wooden pipes, but these were gradually taken 

 up, and iron pipes of larger dimensions substituted." 



We are told of the Lambeth Company's pipes: — 



" The principal mains are iron : eighteen, twelve, ten, and nine inches 

 diameter, though till lately a considerable part of the service pipes were of wood, 

 but iron pipes have been gradually substituted for them, and this operation will 

 continue till the whole consist of the latter material." (p. 125). 



' As we learn on p. 124, that the Lambeth Company obtained 

 a certain Act of Parliament in 1834, ^^^ passage referring to the 

 nature of the pipes used was apparently written in the 3'ear of 

 publication, 1835. It would seemi therefore that in London, 

 south of the Thames, wooden pipes remained in use some years 

 longer than on its northern shore. 



Leaving the water- works of the London district, Mr. 

 ^Matthews describes those of Liverpool, ^Manchester, Edinburgh, 

 Glasgow and Greenock. The Manchester Company, we learn, 

 at first tried wooden, and then stone, pipes. Btit the latter 

 proved incompetent to sustain the pressure applied. The follow- 

 ing remarks illustrate the general development of water supply in 

 England in 1835 (p. 142) : — 



"General, as was formerly the practice, to obtain water for domestic and other 

 uses from wells, by means of a windlass and bucket, or the aid of pumps, it has 

 long been gradually declining in the great towns and cities of this country. By 

 the establishment of waterworks in such as are most populous, the method of 

 supplying it for domestic purposes has been simplified and tacilitated. Norwich, 

 Bath, Birmingham, Sheffield, and many other places, possess these contrivances 

 to benefit their inhabitants ; but as they resemble several ofthoseialready described, 

 both in principle and operation, any particular detail of each will be unnecessary. 

 The defective supply ot water to Exeter had long been a subject of complaint ; 

 however, a project has recently been executed for abundantly conveying water to 

 the residents from the River Exe, so as to obviate the serious inconvenience hereto- 

 fore experienced. Indeed, it is far from being improbable that, ultimately, works 

 of a similar nature will be quite as common as those for the supply of gas." 



Our author then describes the various modes of water supply 

 in use, in times ancient and modern, in Athens, Rome, Cairo, 

 Persia, and many other places outside the British Isles. For my 



