78 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 



returned to the Smith Mountain area. During June, 11 parties began 

 operations in the Missouri Basin and were fully occupied in the ex- 

 cavation program at the end of the fiscal year. 



As of June 30, 1963, archeological surveys and excavations had been 

 made, since the start of the salvage program, in a total of 264 reser- 

 voir areas located in 29 different States. Furthermore, two lock proj- 

 ects, four canal areas, and two watershed areas had also been ex- 

 amined. Since 1946, when the program got underway, 5,009 sites have 

 been located and recorded; of that number, 1,175 were recommended 

 for excavation or limited testing. Because of the conditions under 

 which the salvage operations need to be conducted, complete excava- 

 tions, except in the case of a few small sites, are rarely possible. Conse- 

 quently, when the term "excavation" is used, it generally implies that 

 only about 10 percent of a site was dug. 



By the end of the year, 484 sites in 54 reservoir basins and one 

 watershed area had either been tested or excavated to the degree where 

 good information about them had been obtained. It has been the 

 policy of the River Basin Surveys to dig in at least one example of 

 the various kinds of sites reported in the preliminary surveys. The 

 sites range in nature from those which were simple camping areas, 

 occupied by early hunting and gathering Indians of about 10,000 years 

 ago, to village remains left by historic Indians of the mid-19th cen- 

 tury. In addition, the remains of frontier trading posts of European 

 origin and of Army installations have also been examined. The re- 

 sults of the investigations have been incorporated in reports which 

 have been published in various scientific journals, in the Bureau of 

 American Ethnology Bulletins, and in the Miscellaneous Collections 

 of the Smithsonian Institution. River Bashi Survey.<i Paper No. 25, 

 which constitutes Bureau Bulletin 182, pertaining to the work done in 

 the John H. Kerr Reservoir Basin on the Roanoke River, Yirginia- 

 N'orth Carolina, was published in October. River Basin Surveys 

 Papers Nos. 26-32, which report on investigations in North Dakota, 

 Montana, and Kansas, and comprise Bulletin 185, were released during 

 June. Reports on other investigations in the two Dakotas and 

 Kansas, consisting of Ri'ver Basin Surveys Papers 33-38, constituting 

 Bulletin 189, were sent to the Printing Office early in the fiscal year 

 and will be ready for distribution shortly after the beginning of the 

 new year. Various members of the staff cooperated with representa- 

 tives of other Federal agencies in the preparation of short popular 

 pamphlets about some of the major reservoir projects. These pam- 

 phlets were published by the cooperating agency and are distributed at 

 the visitors' center for the reservoir concerned. 



As in previous years, the River Basin Surveys received helpful 

 cooperation from the National Park Service, the Bureau of Reclama- 



