92 THE NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS AT BERLIN. 



It is the duty of the secretaries to coiulnct the business of the Acad- 

 emy and to execute its orders. The manner of arranging the duties 

 among their number is left to their discretion. 



In the jiresidency and the duties of that office and in the conduct of 

 the affairs of the general Academy, the secretaries change successively 

 every four months in accordance with their seniority, unless they arrange 

 among themselves for some other method of succession. In case of en- 

 forced absence of the presiding secretary the last secretary has to take 

 his place. All four secretaries being unavoidably detained from pre- 

 siding, the senior of the ordinary members assumes the office. 



The business secretary is styled the presiding secretary ; he carries 

 the great seal of the Academy and supervises the officials and clerks of 

 the Academy. He calls the extraordinary meetings of the members 

 and the meetings of the secretaries 5 he issues the invitations and pre- 

 sides at all meetings; in case of a tie his vote is decisive; he signs the 

 protocols and arranges for the execution o£ the various resolutions. He 

 has charge of the correspondence of the Academy, opens all communica- 

 tions, submits them and then takes charge of further action. He is re- 

 sponsible for the observance of the statutes, and for that purpose com- 

 municates directly with the minister. In submitting his charge of four 

 months he has to surrender to his successor a complete inventory made 

 in the presence of the archivist. 



The presiding secretary, or his substitute, is the only person per- 

 mitted to institute legal proceedings in the name of the Academy, for 

 which purpose he may receive special identification on the part of the 

 ministry. Money may be paid to the cashier of the ministry. 



Within the classes of the Academy the respective secretaries assume 

 the presidency and the execution of all business affairs for the term of 

 from four to four months. 



The regular salaried officials of the Academy — at present an archivist, 

 one clerk, one door-keeper and one messenger — are appointed for life or 

 any specified term in general session andby recommendation of the col- 

 lege of secretaries. The ajipointments have to receive the approval of 

 the ministry. 



The following rules are in force regarding meetings, labors, and pub- 

 lications: 



The members participate in the meetings according to the rights of 

 their resi^ective grade. Others, not members, may be permitted to at- 

 tend the scientific meetings ; they have to be recommended by a mem- 

 ber and introduced to the presiding secretary. 



The meetings of the Academy are held every Thursday and alternate 

 with those of the entire Academy and by those of the classes. 



At each regular meeting a scientific paper is to be read by one of the 

 regular members, at the expiration of which other members are permitted 

 to make scientific communications or in any way to introduce scientific 

 objects. 



The general Academy is empowered to submit questions to the secre- 



