THE NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS AT BERLIN. 103 



The oration of Prof. Dr. ]VIittennai<»r, of Heidelberg', delivered in the 

 name of the representatives of the (rernian and Swiss Universities ou 

 October 15, 1S(;0, the fiftieth anniversary of the Berlin Alma Mater 

 bears witness to the fact that its scientific development fnlly realized 

 the expectations expressed in the rescript of November 23, ISIO. 



The University preserves a gratefnl memory to all who principally 

 contribnted to its developments. Thns the birthday of King Frederick 

 William III and of the reigning King are celebrated by orations. 



In addition to the busts of Kings Frederick William III and IV busts 

 of thirty-three rectors and professors adorn the aula. 



As regards the organization of the University the propositions of 

 Sciileiermacher were adopted- The faculties of the present day were 

 considered the fundamental columns of the structure. His memorial 

 with regard to the organization of the theological faculty served as a 

 basis for the others. 



Ou December 28, 1810, the regulation of the academic jurisdiction was 

 issued as fundamental law for all Prussian Universities. As a means 

 of protection, the Department of Instruction, on February 8, 1811, is- 

 sued to the students a " card of recognition." On February 20, 1811, rec- 

 tor and senate informed all universities of the oi)ening and joined the 

 union. The present statutes were sanctioned by the King ou October 

 31, 181G, and delivered ou April 20, 1817. 



Based ou these statutes a later order of January 29, 1838, gave spe- 

 cial statutes to each of the faculties. Those of the medical and philo- 

 sophical faculties have repeatedly been altered since. 



The decrees of 1819 and 1831, based on the resolutions of the German 

 Parliament, had originated under influences of principles and conditions 

 which in consequence of the political movement of 1848 had experienced 

 such modifications as to induce the Government to relieve the Prussian 

 universities from the unjust suspicion expressed in those decrees and to 

 return to them the independence required for the development of an 

 active corporate life. 



Upon request the universities furnished reports as to a comfortable 

 change with regard to academic jurisdiction and discipline. 



On October 29, 1879, a law was promulgated relating to the question 

 of jurisdiction and discipline at the national universities. 



At the opening of the University fifty-eight professors were appointed; 

 during the summer term of 1880 their number had increased to two 

 hundred and eighty-three, distributed among the faculties as follows : 

 Theology, seventeen ; law, twenty-two ; medicine, one hundred and two ; 

 philosophy, one hundred and forty-two. 



The salaries for the regular professors range between 3,000 ($750) and 

 12,000 mark ($3,000) annually, and for the secondary professors from 

 900 to 4,800 mark ($225 to $1,200.) 



An almost regular increase has been noticed in the number of stu- 

 dents. It may suffice here to state that while for the winter term of 



