106 THE NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS AT BERLIN. 

 Institutes connected ivith the University. 



The University Lihrarij. — The first iinpiilse towards establishing an 

 indepeudeiit library for the University was given in 1820, both by the 

 rector and the senate of the University and by the chief librarian of the 

 Eoyal Library, Prof. Dr. Wicken. In a report to the proper department 

 of the Government it was stated that the Royal Library had become in- 

 snfficient for the wants of the professors and students of the University, 

 and that for those a separate library had become necessary. The es- 

 tablishment of such a library was then decided by royal decree of Feb- 

 ruary 20, 1831. 



The resources of the library were at first very moderate, and consisted 

 of 500 thaler ($375), collected from the students 5 furthermore, it was 

 decided that each doctor upon promotion, each i^rivate lecturer upon 

 his qualification, and each i)rofessor npon receiving his appointment, 

 was to pay 5 thaler ($3.75) towards the support of the library. For its 

 location some rooms were allotted in the Royal Library. The chief 

 librarian of the Royal Library was designated as principal librarian, 

 and two officials given him for the performance of the administrative 

 work. 



The establishment prospered, notwithstanding the many difficulties 

 presenting themselves. The moderate means were carefully inv^ested 

 in suitable books, and the library further increased by many donations 

 and by the compulsory additions exacted from the xniblishing houses 

 of the palatinate Brandenburg. 



The library lends books for home perusal and is also used as a read- 

 ing-room. 



For the lending of books the library is open daily from 9 A. m. to 2 

 P. M. ; on Saturdays, only to 1 p. m. The reading-room is open daily 

 from 9 A. M. to 7 P. m. 5 on Saturdays to 1 P. m. only. During the sum- 

 mer vacations the library is open from 11 A. m. to 1 p. m., but the read- 

 ing-room remains closed. 



The budget of the library, exclusive of salaries, is put at 10,500 

 mark ($2,G25) for books and binding, and 4,300 ($1,075) for incidentals. 



The personnel consists of a librarian, three custodians, two assist- 

 ants, two auxiliary helpers, two library messengers, and one porter. 



The Mathematical Seminary. — The first "seminary act," the request for 

 the establishment of a mathematical seminary, originated on April 6, 

 1860, and is worded as follows : 



"In the mathematical sciences more tlian in any other branch of sci- 

 ence it is necessary that not alone the substance of the lecture is under- 

 stood, but that the students, and especially the more advanced, should 

 have an opportunity for instruction in the application of the object of 

 their studies. For that purpose the establishment of a mathematical 

 seminary in connection with the University appears to present the best 

 solution. In the opinion of the petitioners such a mathematical scien- 



