118 THE NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS AT BERLIN. 



Tlio direction of the Institute is combined with the chair of anatomy 

 and physiology of plants at the Royal University. 



The Institute of Vegetable Physiology. — The Institute was created in 

 1873, and in 1880 united with the botanico-microscopical laboratory of the 

 Agricultural High School in such a manner that the use of the scientific 

 apparatus and inventory belonging to the University is available to the 

 students of either of these establishments, while the means of support 

 are to be furnished by the Department of Agriculture exclusively. 



The object of the Institute is the study of morphology, development, 

 and physiology of the plants. For this purpose lectures are delivered 

 and practical instruction furnished ; the students also have an oppor- 

 tunity for making individual examinations. 



The Institute contains (1) a hall for the students in microscopy, seat- 

 ing twenty, and facing north ; (2) a room for the director ; (3) a room 

 seating four for chemical work j (4) a large room for the assistant and 

 six of the advanced students. This room also contains the library. 

 (5) A dark-room ; (G) a room for physiological research and containing 

 a Pfeffer rotary apparatus ; (7) two greenhouses, in which the objects 

 for microscopical and physiological research are produced ; (8) a small 

 experimental garden. 



The Institute is well provided with optical instruments and physiolog- 

 ical apparatus ; it also contains extensive collections for instruction, 

 comprising the subject of moriihology, production and development, and 

 the physiology of plants. 



The Zoological Museum. — The establishment of the Zoological Museum 

 is contemporaneous with the foundation of the University. The Museum 

 was located in the University building since its erection, but from the 

 beginning the plan and execution exceeded the material required for 

 demonstration, and that in the direction of creating a basis for the sys- 

 tematic knowledge of all living animals, thus to form a zoological center 

 for Germany similar to that at Paris, London, Leiden, Vienna, for their 

 respective countries. The Museum was planned by Count Job. v. Hoff- 

 mannsegg, who made the first donation, consisting of several thousand 

 specimens of Brazilian mammals, birds, and reptiles. The principal 

 and fundamental stock was formed by the donation, by the royal col- 

 lections, of a number of natural history objects, consisting of mammals, 

 birds, insects, and shells; to these were added the following original 

 collections : 



(1) The collection of fishes of Dr. Marcus Elieser Bloch, practicing 

 physician at Berlin. Originals (partly dried, partly in alcohol) described 

 in his '^ Naturgeschichte der Fische Deutschlands," 1782-1785, and 

 " Naturgeschichte der ausliindischen Fische," 1785-1795. 



(2) The collection of Crustacea, of Joh. Friedr. Wilh. Herbst, pastor at 

 the Church of St. Mary, and purchased for 447 thaler ($312.75). Crigi- 

 nals used in his " NatuTgeschichte der Krabben und Krebse," 1790-1804. 



