THE NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS AT BERLIN. 127 



admit of the exhibition ol" about two liuiidrcU objects, including three 

 to four locomotives aud as many combined threshers. 



The Division of Fermentation and i^tarchmaMng. — This division repre- 

 sents the above industries and belongs to the State oidy in so far as it 

 occupies an ollicial building and its director is one of the teachers of 

 the agricultural high-school. The management is in the hands of the fol- 

 lowing technical associations: The Society of Distillers in Germany, 

 the Society aud Experimental Institute for Brewing, and the Society of 

 Starch Manufacturers in Germany. These associations, with a mem- 

 bership of about three thousand, pay 100,000 uuirk ($25,000) annually 

 towards the support of the division. 



The Division of Sugar Industry. — This division, supported by the Society 

 for Beet-Sugar Industry in the German Empire, receives its rooms from 

 the state free of expense. J ts objects are : (1) the education of chemists 

 for the sugar industry ; (L*) any examination required by a member of 

 the society and the testing of instruments of precision ; (3) the opening 

 up of new fields regarding the composition of raw substances, auxiliary 

 substances, aud products of manufacture, as well as the development 

 of tcchnic aud supervision of nuinagement. These objects are attained 

 by the labors of the very completely organized laboratory, by lectures, 

 and by attendance to the periodical meetings of the industrials. 



The Royal School for Gardening, and the National Nursery. — Although 

 occupying separate localities, but closely related, both establishments 

 owe their existence to the exertions, in 1823, of the general director of 

 the gardens. Dr. Lenne, who secured the means necessary for their es- 

 tablishment from the muniticency of King Frederick AVilliam III, from 

 the interested departments of the government, from the society for the 

 promotion of horticulture in the Prussian states and from the stock- 

 holders of the national nursery. The royal decree of August 20, 1823, 

 granted them the privileges of a corporation. 



The Gardening school, whose principal object was the education of the 

 various grades of gardeners, had its practical division at Schoneberg, a 

 suburb of Berlin, while the division ior scientific and artistic instruc 

 tion was located upon the " Pfaueuinsel," near Potsdam. Owing toinsuf- 

 licieut results caused by the separation the divisions at Schoneberg were 

 abandoned and cond)ined with the establishment at Potsdam. 



The principal building of the establishmenli, in addition to the apart- 

 ment set aside for the inspector, contains halls for instru(;tion and for 

 the collections, as also accommodation for twenty-seven apprentices 

 which number, however, is generally exceeded. This arrangement, to- 

 gether with the permission of the Emperor of the freedom of the im- 

 perial gardens for i)urposes of instruction, and the connection with the 

 national nursery, alfords great facilities. 



The National Nursery is located uj)on a territory of 200 acres in ex- 

 tent- In addition to the training of young gardeners it has engaged in 



