128 THE NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS AT BERLIN. 



the examination of important pomoloyical questions and subjects and is 

 testing and supplying to fruit-growers reliable standard trees. 



Both establishments have been placed under the care of the Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture and are managed by a board of trustees composed 

 of a representative of the Department of Agriculture, lands and for- 

 ests, who is the president, a representative of the royal garden in- 

 tendancy and a member of the society for the promotion of horticulture 

 in the Royal Prussian state. The immediate administration is in the 

 hands of Eoyal Garden Inspector Jiihleke, assisted by two inspectors 

 and one secretary. 



v.— THE GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE AND THE MINING ACADEMY. 



The Mining Academy. — This was called into existence by royal decree 

 of September 1, I860,. In its organization the same points were con- 

 sidered which for some time prior had been adopted in the training of 

 candidates for technical positions. 



The mining oflBcials requiring an education which involves a knowl- 

 edge of law, national economy, and the natural sciences, in addition to 

 their technical attainments were, until then, required to finish their 

 studies at some national universit}^ In the organization of the Berlin 

 Academy all branches had been provided for thus enabling the student 

 to complete his studies without being obliged to visit a university. 

 The programme of instruction therefore provided for the following 

 branches : 



(1) Science of mining. (2) Mining, surveying and mathematical 

 geography. (3) Practice of mine surveying and in drafting. (4:) Sci- 

 ence of salt mining. (5) Science of manufacture. (0) General metal- 

 lurgy. (7) General assaying. (8) Blowpipe. (8) Iron mining. (9) 

 Projecting of iron- works. (II) Assaying of iron. (12) Metallurgical 

 technology. (13) Chemical technology. (14) Science of machinery. 

 (15) Machines for mining and smelting works. (16) Construction. (17) 

 Architectural construction. (18) Drawing. (ID) Plane and spherical 

 trigonometry, stereometry, and analytical geometry. (20) Descriptive 

 geometry. (21) Difterential and integral calculus. (22) Mechanics. 

 (23) Mineralogy. (24) Mineralogical practice. (25) Petrography. 

 (20) Petrographic practice. (27) Paleontology. (28) Paleontological 

 determinations. (29) Fossil plants. (30) Geognosy. (31) Geology of 

 quaternary formations. (32) General geology. (33) Analytical chem- 

 istry. (34) Chemical laboratory. (35) Mining laws. 



The Geological Institute. — The lirst beginning of the present institute 

 may be traced back to the year 1862. The office of the royal director 

 of mines had commenced the construction of geological maps of the 

 Rhine province and of Westphalia at a scale of 1:80000, of Nether and 

 Ul)per Silesia at a scale of 1:100000, and for the province of Saxony it 

 had undertaken a continuation of von Strombeck's map of the district 

 of Magdeburg. 



