THE NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS AT BERLIN. 129 



Wheu, in the execiitiou of that work, the maps of the general staff, 

 which were prepared to a scale of 1 : 25000, were compared, it was shown 

 in a prominent manner that geological maps constructed according to 

 that scale would be of infinitely greater value both for scientific and 

 practical purposes than maps constructed at a scale of 1 : 100000. It 

 was, therefore, decided to accept the scale of 1 : 25000 as a basis for all 

 the maps of the entire State. 



The execution of the survey and the construction of the maps on the 

 prescribed scale was commenced in various portions of the State. First 

 of all, attention was given to the provinces of Hesse and Hanover, 

 ■which, in 18G0, had been added to the Kingdom, because they would 

 form a continuation of the survey already begun of the Harz Mount- 

 ains and the Thuringian Forest. It then was extended to the former 

 Duchy of Nassau, the southern portion of the Rhine province and to 

 the plains of North Germany and to the provinces of Silesia. 



The Kingdom of Saxony, Alsace-Lorraine, and the Grand Duchy of 

 Hesse have since adopted the Prussian plan and have consented to the 

 construction of a geological map on a scale of 1 : 25000. 



As regards the organization of the geological survey, it may be stated 

 that since 1862 geological surveys were made by teachers of mineralogy 

 at the mining academy at Berlin. The building of this academy con- 

 tained the geological and mineralogical collections intended both for 

 instruction and for explorations, and the results of the surveys were 

 worked out in that building. 



On January 1, 1873, the Royal Geological Institute was established, 

 and on Aprd 8, 1875, received the final statutes, as follows : 



Sec. 1. It is the object of the Geological Institute to execute the 

 geological examinations of the Kingdoui of Prussia and to digest the re- 

 sults in a manner to make them available and useful to science, as well 

 as to the economic interest of the (jountry. 



Sec. 2. In accordance with the above the Geological Institute 

 will execute the following work : (1) The construction and publication 

 of a geological map of the entire state, on the basis of the original 

 surveys of the General Staff, on a scale of 1 : 25000. This chart is to 

 contain a representation of the geological formations, condition of the 

 soil, and the occurrence of useful stone and minerals, and is to be ac- 

 companied by descriptive text. (2) The construction of a geological 

 chart on a basis of 1 : 100000. (3) The publication of monographs on 

 geological or mineralogical objects of special interest. (4) The publi- 

 cation of essays on geological, paleontological, or moutanistic con- 

 tents, supplementing the geological chart. (5) The collection and 

 preservation of all documents obtained in the construction of the publi- 

 cations. All these, together with profiles and other representations 

 and illustrations, will be combined in the Geological Museum, to which 

 are to be connected the technological collections of the "Museum of 

 Mining and Metallurgy." These combined collections will afford a very 

 H. Mis. 224 ^9 



