ANTHROPOLOGY IN THE LAST TWENTY YEARS. 561 



Caucasus, but of the same composition as that found in Greece and 

 Italy, and at tbe same time in an advanced state of development that 

 clearly jn-oves it to be an imi)ortatiou. Whether single articles were 

 imported or only patteras and a knowledge of tbe art of making bronze 

 matters little. At any rate the invention must have been made in 

 another place. 



By examining different countries and nations we succeed in narrow- 

 ing the territory until by keeping on, we may find tbe point of beginning 

 of bronze manufacture. We shall probably be unable to tiud the orig- 

 inal inventor, but we shall learn tbe steps which mankind has taken in 

 its advance regarding bronze manufacture. 



It maybe mentioned at this point, that just such considerations as 

 these enable us to cast a retrospective glance upon the last twenty years, 

 and to exhibit the progress made by us in the science of archaeology. 

 Tbe science of prehistoric arcbicology twenty years ago had reached 

 in but few places its full develoi)ment. At that time the museum at 

 Copenhagen was so far ahead of all others that it was considered as 

 au unattainable prototype; next to this was the one at Lund, and later 

 on tbe one at Bergen. Here there was exhibited a seemingly circum- 

 scribed field of civilization which was called for brevity the Scandi- 

 navian. The Scandinavians indeed went so far as to believe that their 

 remote ancestors bad invented these things, and that only at the time 

 of tbe Komans had there taken place an influx from without. Tbe aged 

 ]S^ilssou with bis Phoenician hypothesis stood all alone. Matters have 

 changed considerably since then. jMany Scandinavians to be sure still 

 defend tbe old view, by i)oiuting out the great development which the 

 older bronze exhibits in tbe north, but none of them seriously believ'e 

 that the invention of bronze was really a northern achievement, even 

 though tbe manufacture in bronze shows numerous northern peculiar- 

 ities. We take in like manner Chinese patterns and copy them, but 

 although by modifications, the style may be called at last German or 

 Austrian, the Chinese origin never disappears entirely. Among us 

 scarcely any one believes in the Scandinavian origin of bronze. At 

 present we may assume that our Scandinavian friends are convinced 

 that bronze came to them as a finished thing. The formula of its compo- 

 sition was invented before it came to the north. Although special pecul- 

 iarities have been developed and although the art of bronze manufact- 

 ure seemed to flourish more independently in the north than in the 

 south, nevertheless they must admit that their ancestors were not the 

 inventors of bronze. Here I think lies the main difference between the 

 former and the present theory. Formerly it was thought that the 

 secret lay concealed in the north, that there the origin of our metallur- 

 gical art was to be found and that there had lived the original smith 

 from whom our people had inherited their technique. During the last 

 two decades another view has found much favor, and for niany good and 

 strong reasons it is called the Indo-German or Aryan theory. Inter- 

 H. Mis. 224 36 



