602 PROGRESS OF ANTHROPOLOGY IN 1889. 



tions tliat its delicacy of perception is indefinitely increased. The ca- 

 pacity to api)reciate sul)tle distinctions, more subtle than those exist- 

 ing in nature outside the mind, is essential to scientific work." The 

 whole essay of Dr. Jacobi should be studied by those who all along have 

 felt the superiority of language stndy, but who conld not translate their 

 convictions into modern psycho-physical phraseology. 



The accumulation of psychological literature has been chiefly in the 

 fields of abnormal psychology, such as hallucinations, alexia, amnesia, 

 aphasia, apraxia, illusions, idiocy, alcoholism, melancholia, and insanity; 

 animal psychology, child-mind, dreams, experimental psychology, hyp- 

 notism, memory, nerve action in health and disease, physiological 

 psychology, psycho-physics and reaction time ; the senses and tlie dis- 

 orders of sleep. There is no doubt that, whatever may be one's ulti- 

 mate theory of mind, psychologists, like astronomers and biologists, 

 have often to wait for the instrument maker. Indeed, there seems for 

 that reason to be no further advance possible in speculative psychol- 

 ogy until the instrumental side of the study is improved. 



Centers of ideation in the brain, Hollander. Das Morel'sche Ohr; 

 a physic study. Binder. Hereditary degeneracy, psychic state in, 

 Magnan. Instinct, Fauvelle. Intellectual fatigue, Topinard. Memory, 

 Burnham. Memory in surd mutes, liiccardi. Mental faculties of an- 

 thropopithecus, Eomanes. Mental fatigue, Galton. Merycismus, 

 ruminatio humaua, Sievers. Notion of space, de la Rive. Observations 

 of rude jihenomena, Langley. Opening address Clark University, 

 Hall. Origin of human faculty, Ilomanes. Personal equation, San- 

 ford. Physiology of aversion, Mantegazza. Psychic time measure, 

 Fricke. Psychology of spiritualism. Jastrow. Sense, problematic 

 organs of, Lubbock. Thought, experimental science of, Ardigo. Il^otion 

 of space, Axenfeld. 



IV.— ETHNOLOGY. 



The classification of mankind by i)liysical characters has been 

 resumed with vigor by J. Deniker (Bui. Soc. d'Anthrop. de Paris, ser. 

 3, vol. XII, 320-330). From Linnaeus to our day, only four or five races 

 or species have been recognized on j>liysical marks. Bory de Saint 

 Vincent, Desmoulins, d'Omalius d'llalloy, and Vi: Miiller admit fifteen 

 or sixteen, or perhaps a greater number of "races" or "species," but 

 they differentiate them by linguistic or sociologic criteria. Only the 

 classifications of I. Geoffroy Saint Hilaire(1858), and of Topinard (1879), 

 reckon more numerous divisions (eleven and sixteen races) based 

 upon physical characters. In 1885, Topinard, then in possession of 

 more minute details, increases the number of races to 19. 



The tables here given were i)resented to the Anthropological Soci- 

 ety of Paris at its session of June G (1889). M. Deniker takes the ground 

 that in the divers peoples, nations, hordes, tribes, etc., which v/e now 

 see scattered over the earth, we have not a clear group of species as in 



