618 PROGRESS OF ANTHROPOLOGY IN 1889. 



riages, Eouvier. Prehistoric trepanation, Hansen. Primitive family, 

 Starcke. Prisons, art in, Laurent. Protection and free-trade, Ward. 

 Puuislimeut, etliics of, Lilly. Kunning a muck, Malay, Hagen. Russian 

 social life, Vogue. Salutation, Ling Roth. Slave, The history of a, John- 

 ston. Slavers, Arab, American Exchange. Sociability and transform- 

 ism, de Broglie. Social regulations in Melanesia, Codrington. Social- 

 ism, Rae. Suffrage and its mechanism, Blodgett. Tattooing, etc., 

 Joest. Tenement-house life, Riis. Thief-talk, Wilde. American to- 

 tems. Wake. Totem clans in the Old-Testament, Matthews. Totemism 

 in Britain, Gomme. Town-life as a cause of degeneracy, Barron. Tri- 

 bal boundary marks, Ste[)hen. Village communities, Gomme. Widow- 

 hood in manorial law, Gomme. Woman among the south slaves, Schu- 

 leuburg. Woman's place in nature, Allen. Woman's position among 

 the early Christians, Donaldson. Women, types of American, Boyesen. 



IX.— RELIGION AND FOLK-LORE. 



The folk-lorists are just encountering a difiSculty which has con- 

 fronted the archjieologists and technologists for a number of years. It 

 is this: How are we to account for tales and myths and lore found in 

 lands distant by thousands of miles and centuries of time, and yet so 

 similar in dramatis personte and incidents. Leaving out of view the 

 nature theories of Miiller, Cox, and de Gubernatis as at present unpop- 

 ular, we have two extremely active candidates for our acceptance in 

 the opinions of Lang and his colleagues on one side and Benfey on the 

 other side. The views of Andrew Lang and of Mr. Tylor are that simi- 

 lar stimuli acting upon similar stages of culture and similar conditions 

 produce similar results. The idea of Benfey is that many resemblances 

 are too close to be accidental, and can be accounted for only by what 

 Major Powell calls acculturation. The conflict is therefore fairly on, 

 with the ablest of opponents on either side. 



The first annual meeting of the American Folk-Lore Society was held 

 in Philadelphia, November 28 and 29, in the halls of the University of 

 Pennsylvania. Dr. Daniel G. Brinton presided and Mr. Horace Fur- 

 ness pronounced the address of welcome. A resolution was passed 

 recommending a more extensive publication than the Journal of Ameri- 

 can Folk-Lore. The council was also instructed to provide a question- 

 naire or guide to the collection of Folk-Lore, to be circulated in pam- 

 phlet form. The meeting was made a very happy one by the courtesies 

 of the authorities of the University and of the people of Philadelphia. 

 The following papers were read: 



Additional collection a j^re-requisite to correct theory in Folk-Lore 

 and Mythology, W. W. Newell. Chinese secret societies in the United 

 States, Stewart Culin. Superstitions connected with human saliva, 

 G. L. Kittridge. Some saliva charms, Mrs. Fanny D. Beyen. Primi- 

 tive man in modern belief, Henry Phillips. Voodooism in Missouri, 

 Miss Mary A. Owen. The Kootenay Indians, Rev. E. F. Wilson. Chero- 



