THE LAST STEPS IN THE GENEALOGY OF MAN. 075 



tlie teeth of the lemurs to those of the insectivores. "Their teeth," 

 writes Cuvier, "begin to show us (from higher to lower) the sharp 

 tubercles interlocking one into the other as in the insectivora." "The 

 galegos," one tiuds a little farther on, " have the teeth and the insect- 

 ivorous diet of the other lemurs." " The dentition of the tarsians is that 

 of an iusectivorc," says Mr. Vogt. " The lobes of tlie molars are usually 

 well forvvard as among tlie insectivora," says M. Huxley. We have 

 already pointed out the insectivorous first dentition of the cheiromys. 

 Gratiolet, going farther, classed the lemurs in the insectivora. The 

 origin of the insectivora besides, is by no means irreconcilable with that 

 of the marsupials. The primitive type of these was the insectivore of 

 the trassic and j urassic periods. The phalangers are an existing species. 

 We must seek in the fossil species the true origin of the lemurs, since 

 these appeared in the eocene or beyond. The last relation to point out 

 is that with the ungulates, according to the eminent professor of the 

 Museum, M. Albert Gaudry, whose work on the placoid and ganoid 

 fishes and the amphibious labyrinthodonts deserves attention. "I 

 have asked myself," said he, in his Tertiary Fossils, "if the lemurs 

 had not a common origin with many of the extinct pachyderms." The 

 resemblances between the present lemurs and the ungulates, proven by 

 Alphouse Milne Edwards and Grandidier in their great work on Mad- 

 agascar, leads to that belief. 



Two genera bear out this idea. The first is the genus adapis, of which 

 a Parisian species, coming from the gypsum beds of the upper eocene 

 of Montmartre, has been classed by Cuvier among the pachyderms ; but 

 it is found, judging from the teeth, the skull, and some parts of the limbs 

 to be but a lemur. The second is the aphelotherium, classed by Gervais, 

 likewise with the pachyderms and at present recognized as a lemur. The 

 resemblance holds good with the eocene species of the stock of the pres- 

 ent perissodactyls, such as the hyracotherium, the lophiotherium and 

 the i)achynoloi)us. 



In the United States, Professor Cope has discovered many species of 

 adapis and confirmed these resemblances. It is always well to remark 

 that the genealogy leading up to man is outside of the question. Mr. 

 Cope divides the fossil lemurs of America into three families ; the anap- 

 tomorphus, which leads up by two branches, one to the monkeys and the 

 other to man, the mixode(5tins, the limits of which I am notable to state, 

 and the adapides, which lead to the ungulates. The branch of adapis 

 is therefore, according to Cope, foreign to the branch leading to man. 



IL— MONKEYS. 



The more I study this question, the more 1 am convinced that the an- 

 thropoids should be re-united to the accepted monkeys, of which they 

 are only a higher family ; I am more persuaded that they are more sep- 

 arated from nnm, as I do not yield to the belief of a certain school in 

 taking a purely morphologic point of view. As to the physiological, or 



