684 THE LAST STEPS IN THE GENEALOGY OF MAN, 



divides into three. Tlie third division gives us the pithecauthropus or 

 man monliey, which already holds itself upright, but which lacks 

 speech ; this is the twenty-first stage, the anthropopithecus of M. do 

 Mortillet, out of which present man is derived by two branches, the 

 twenty-second and last step of Haeckel, one the negroes with wooly 

 hair, and the other the races with straight hair, of which the Austra- 

 lian would be the prototype. On the chart of the world that Ha^ckel 

 gives, the place where man would have taken rise by the acquisition of 

 articulate language is put at t lie the southwest of India, where the 

 center of the continent of Leinuria of whi(;h we have spoken would 

 have been. The place is marked Paradise; it is the starting point 

 from which man should have spread in all directions, some to the west 

 towards Africa, others to the east towards Australasia and Melanesia, 

 and others to the north towards Europe, Asia, and by Bering's Strait 

 into America. 



Huxley does not express his opinion on the immediate descent of 

 man in any of his writings that I liave read ; he lets the reader draw 

 the conclusions from the developments into which he enters, and these 

 lead to an origin from the anthropoids. 



Our eminent pa];eoutologist of the Museum, Professor Gaudry, is 

 also very reserved; nevertheless he will allow us to surmise his opinion 

 where he has not plainly formulated it. On our authority, the follow- 

 ing series expresses his entire thought concerning the mammals: l\Iar- 

 supials, ungulates, lemurs, and catarrhines forming a single group, 

 anthropoids, and man. The anthropoid that he i)oints out is the dry- 

 opithecus. Here is what he says : " The dryopithecus was a monkey 

 of a high order; it resembled man in nniny particulars; its height 

 must have been nearly the same ; in its dentition it recalls the char- 

 acters of the teeth of the Australian." {Fossil Primates, page 236.) 

 I'urther on he adds : " H" then it comes to be proven that the chalk 

 Hints of Beance, discovered at Thenay by the Abbe Bourgeois, have 

 been dressed, the most natural idea that presents itself to my mind 

 would be that they have been worked by the dryopithecus (page 241). 

 Unfortunately we possess but a lower jaw and a humerus of this 

 animal." 



Another paheontologist, the American Professor, Cope, has an opin- 

 ion of liis own. Man did not descend from monkeys, anthropoids, or 

 the rest; he descended directly from the lemurs. We have already 

 said that the condylarthri, the original stock of almost all the orders 

 of mammals, gave birth notably to a branch that was divided into 

 three; one was principally represented by the genus anaptomorphus, 

 and was divided in its turn into two twigs, one of which produced the 

 monkeys and anthropoids, and the other which lead directly to man. 

 Here are his principal reasons. They show us on what slender basis 

 our genealogies sometimes rest. 



Man has, as a general rnle, four tubercles or cusps on the upper 

 molars. The monkeys and the anthropoids have in general five tuber- 



