THE LAST STEPS IN THE GENEALOCiY OF MAN. f)87 



auii)le, the exclusively pulinomiry respiration iu the adult salaiiiaiuler 

 and the branchial respiration in the young salamander. 



LJut one should separate that which is produced after birth and which 

 is a matter of growth of the body, or of physiological development by 

 the course of age in the individual life, from that which is an ancestral 

 resemblance depending on embrylogy and intra-uterine ontogeny. In 

 the young man as in the young monkey the skull is rounded in every 

 sense, and smooth, being almost without asperities. The temporal 

 ridges and sagittal ridge (which latter is but the result of elevation 

 and pressure up against — causing ossification on the median line of the 

 former), are ridges developed with age, especially iu the male sex, and 

 are proportionate with the strength of the muscles which are inserted 

 on them. Tbey reach considerable development among the monkeys in 

 the species which have powerful masticatory apparatus and enoruious 

 temporal Ibssa'. 



The supercilliary arches bulge out in man with age as in the njonkej's, 

 not takings© remarkable an aspect among the latter, because they have 

 a more ami)le frontal sinus ; a secondary character. The projecting jaw 

 in both only becomes marked with age. The human (^liild has a small 

 ortiiognathous face, hidden under the skull, forming an enormous bowl 

 as iu the orang; the face growls, elon.ijates and becou)es more progna- 

 thous partly by simple increase of volume, whilst the skull diminishes 

 relatively, partly because the molars of the second dentition have need 

 of room and push forward. Among the monkeys this feature is very 

 marked, but it has some distinctive characters iu man. 



Later, I will sum up to show how the agreements between the base 

 of the skull and the base of the face follow the uaso basilar plane, chang- 

 ing proportionately in the adult compared with the child, the angles 

 that craniomentry brings out in that part. The facial angle cited, since 

 it enjoys a certain popularity, is greater in the young monkey as in the 

 young of man. The infantile forms of the young monkey of which Vogt 

 speaks, recur in jiart in the adult woman. They characterize the same 

 way the male sex of certain races which writers have classed for that 

 reason as infantile, such as the Andamanese. 



There is a character implied in the argument of Vogt that seems to 

 come very much to the support of his theory. It is that the young 

 monkey, the orang, or the chimi)anzee, for example, is more intelligent 

 than the adult. Then ought not one to say that it has descended from 

 an ancestor more intelligent than the present monkeys ? ]>ut, greater 

 intelligence is a rule among all young animals, as well as in man, if 

 circumstances are taken into account. At that time the brain is rela- 

 tively much larger than the body, it is virgin and every way more im- 

 pressionable, it increases excessively and only asks that it absorb, that 

 it work up, that it put to profit the blood it receives. What is more 

 marvellous than the way our children learn to si)eak, wiite and read? 

 Are we adults capable of the burden of quick memory required for the 

 mass of words and ideas that they pick up at that time! Young Aus- 



