62 APPENDIX TO REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 



many new forms, and also many interesting types. Some important 

 data were also obtained, showing the early differentiation and extraor- 

 dinary persistence of fresh-water and land molluscan types. A discus- 

 sion of these and other kindred questions will appear in his paleontolog 

 ical reports. 



Fossil entomology. — Messrs. S. H. Scudder, of Cambridge, and F. 0. 

 Bowditch, of Boston, spent two months in Colorado, Wyoming, and 

 Utah, in explorations for fossil insects, and in collecting recent Coleop- 

 tera and Orthoptera, especially in the higher regions. They made large 

 collections of recent insects at different points along the railways from 

 Pueblo to Cheyenne and from Cheyenne to Salt Lake, as well as at Lakin, 

 Kans., Garland and Georgetown, Colo., and in various parts of the 

 South Park and surrounding region. 



For want of time, they were obliged to forego an anticipated trip to 

 White River, to explore the beds of fossil insects known to exist there. 

 Ten days were spent at Green River and vicinity in examining the Ter- 

 tiary strata for fossil insects, with but poor results ; the Tertiary beds of 

 the South Park yielded but a single determinable insect, but near Flo- 

 rissant the Tertiary basin, described by Dr. A. C. Peale in the annual 

 report of the survey for 1873, was found to be exceedingly rich in insects 

 and plants. 



In company with Rev. Mr. Lakes, of Golden, Mr. Scudder spent several 

 days in a careful survey of this basin, and estimates the insect-bearing 

 shales to have an extent at least fifty times as great as those of the 

 famous locality at Oeningen in Southern Bavaria. From six to seven 

 thousand insects and two or three thousand plants have already been 

 received from Florissant, and as many more will be received before the 

 close of the year. 



Mr. Scudder was also able to make arrangements in jjerson with par- 

 ties who have found a new and very interesting locality of Tertiary strata 

 in Wyoming, to send him all the specimens they work out, and he con- 

 fidently anticipates receiving several thousand insects from them in the 

 course of the coming winter. The specimens from this locality are re- 

 markable for their beauty. There is, therefore, every reason to believe 

 the Tertiary strata of the Rocky Mountain region are richer in remains 

 of fossil insects than any other country in the world, and that within a 

 few months the material at hand for the elaboration of the work on fossil 

 insects, which Mr. Scudder has in preparation for the survey, will be 

 much larger than was ever before subject to the investigation of a single 

 naturalist. 



Fossil botany. — Prof. Leo Lesquereux has been engaged during the 

 past year in studies of the tertiary flora. These are now completed, 

 and his monograph has been issued from the press. 



Botany. — The botany of the Survey was represented the past season 

 by the two great masters of that department. Sir Joseph D. Hooker, 

 director of the Kew Gardens, England, and president of the Royal 

 Society of London 5 and Prof. Asa Gray, of Cambridge, Mass. Their 



