APPENDIX TO REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 65 



can Mammalogy have been received. He is at present investigating the 

 Insectivora of Xorth America, with a view to a special monograph on 

 that subject. 



Mr. J. A. Alleo is engaged upon an exhaustive memoir on the Pinni- 

 peds, to be probably completed this year. 



Dr. Coues reports unusual activity in the department under his charge, 

 and a very forward state of the several investigations now in x^rogress. 



Archceology. — IMr. W. H. Jackson, photographer of the Survey, has 

 added to his department the work of reproducing the ancient ruins of 

 Southwestern Colorado, &c., by models. Specimens of the ancient pottery 

 are also represented, not only by photographs, but also by actual models. 



In the spring of 1877, Mr. Jackson made a tour over much of the 

 northern part of New Mexico and westward to the Moqui towns in 

 Arizona, and secured materials for a number of very interesting models, 

 illustrating the methods of the pueblos, or town-builders, in the con- 

 struction of their dwellings. Two villages have been selected for imme- 

 diate construction, as showing the most ancient and best-known exam- 

 ples of their peculiar architecture, viz, Taos and Acoma ; the one of 

 many-storied, terraced houses, and the other built high upon an impreg- 

 nable rock. The model of Taos is now completed, the dimensions of which 

 are 42 by 39 inches, and the scale one inch to twenty feet, 1:240. 



Of this town Davis says : 



It is the best sample of the ancient mode of building. Here are two large houses 

 three or four hundred feet in length and about one hundred and fifty feet wide at the 

 base. They are situated upon opposite sides of a small creek, and in ancient times 

 are said to have been connected by a bridge. They are five and sis stories high, each 

 story receding from the one below it, and thus forming a structure terraced from top 

 to bottom. Each story is divided into numerous little compartments, the outer tier 

 of rooms being lighted by small windows in the sides, while those in the interior of the 

 building are dark, and are principally used as store-rooms. * * * The only means 

 of entrance is through a trap-door in the roof, and you ascend from story to story by 

 means of ladders on the outside, which are drawn up at night. 



Their contact with Europeans has modified somewhat their ancient 

 style of buildings, principally in substituting door- ways in the walls of 

 their houses for those in the roof. Their modern buildings are rarely 

 over two stories in height, and are not distinguishable from those of 

 their Mexican neighbors. The village is surrounded by an adobe wall, 

 which is first included within the limits of the model, and incloses an 

 area of eleven or twelve acres in extent. Within this limit are four of 

 their estufas, or secret council-houses. Tbese are circular underground 

 apartments, with a narrow opening in the roof, surrounded by a pali- 

 sade ; ladders being used to go in and out. 



These models are first carefully built up in clay, in which material all 

 the detail is readily secured, and then cast in plaster, a mold being 

 secured by which they are readily multiplied to any extent. They are 

 then put into the hands of the artists and carefully colored in solid oil 

 paints to accurately resemble their appearance in nature, and, in the 

 case of restorations of modern buildings, all the little additions are made 

 5 s 



