84 APPENDIX TO REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 



study of Indian languages, and during the spring months his time was 

 occupied as an assistant in compiling the bibliography of the North 

 American languages. During the summer and autumn months he vis- 

 ited a number of tribes in Oregon for the purpose of collecting vocabu- 

 laries and grammatic notes. On his way to the field he stopped at 

 Ogden, where he found a tribe of Shoshoni Indians from whom he 

 procured a vocabulary of about five hundred words. 



In Chico, Butte County, California, he stopped one week to visit the 

 Michopdo Indians, a branch of the Maida stock, where he collected lin- 

 guistic material of value. From Chico he proceeded directly to the 

 Klamath agency, in Southern Oregon, where eight weeks were devoted 

 to the study of the language of the Klamath Indians, a branch of the 

 Modok family. Mr. Gatschet had previously studied this language by 

 obtaining words from Modok Indians visiting Washington and New 

 York, and his work at the Klamath agency was a continuation of such 

 study. Altogether he has collected a vocabulary of about five thou- 

 sand words, also many sentences and texts, on historic and mythologic 

 subjects, arranged with interlinear translations. 



The numerical system of this language is quinary, and the numerals 

 above eleven have incorporated particles giving them a gender or classi- 

 fying significance, apparently based upon form. The subject and ob- 

 ject pronouns are not incorporated in the verb ; the personal pronouns 

 differ from the possessive ; and a true relative pronoun exists. An im- 

 I)ortant characteristic of the language is the use of prefix particles in 

 nouns and verbs indicating form, and the reduplication of the first syl- 

 lable, which is usually the radical syllable, for the purpose of showing 

 distribution. It is often equivalent to our i)lural. It occurs in the 

 singular of adjectives indicating shape and color; in augmentative and 

 diminutive nouns and verbs ; in iterative and frequentative verbs ; and 

 forms the distributive plural of many substantives, adjectives, numerals, 

 verbs, and adverbs. 



From the Klamath agency Mr. Gatschet proceeded to the Grande 

 Eonde agency in the northwestern part of Oregon. On his way he 

 stopped at Dayton and made collections of Shasta and Umpqua words 

 from reliable Indians. On the Grande Konde agency are found a large 

 number of tribes and remnants of tribes, which were collected there after 

 the Oregon war of 1855-50; and with tlie exceptions of the Klikatats 

 they are all from Western Oregon. The following is a classification of the 

 linguistic stocks now on this reservation : Tiuneh, Siletz, Wayiletpu, 

 Shasta, T-sinuk, Sahaptin, Selish, Modok, and Kalapuya. The Kalapuya 

 once occupied almost the whole extent of the beatiful and fertile Willa- 

 mette Valley, and one branch of this stock, the Yonk^lla, even extended 

 into the Umpqua Valley. 



The Tu^lati language, a dialect of the Kalapuya stock, was the one 

 studied by Mr. Gatschet, and from his notes the following characteris- 

 tics appear: The phonetics are strikingly soft and harmonious, and 



