APPENDIX TO REPORT OF THE SECRETARY, 85 



though consonants are often assembled in large clusters they never of- 

 fend the ear, nor do they seem unpronounceable to Americans. A largo 

 number of words begin with vowels, especially with a, i, and u. The 

 substantive, adjective, and numerals are not inflected for case, as in the 

 Modok. Adjectives and numerals and some substantives are varied to 

 indicate the plural number. The parts of speech are very imperfectly 

 diflerentiated. The personal and possessive pronouns have the same 

 form. Gender as a distinction of sex is indicated in the singular of sub- 

 ject pronouns, but not in the plural. Prefix iwrticles are extensively 

 used to express the mood, voice, and tense of the verb, and the same 

 particles fulfi.ll this function in the noun. The personal pronouns of the 

 direct object differ greatly from the pronouns of the indirect object ; and 

 every one of the three persons, in the singular and plural, possesses a 

 difl'erent series of direct and indirect objective pronouns. The conjuga- 

 tion of the transitive verb differs in many particulars from that of the 

 intransitive. There appears to be structural affinities between the Kala- 

 puya and Selish stocks. Over three thousand words, many hundred sen- 

 tences, and valuable ethnologic texts were collected. 



Besides the Michopdo, Modok, and Tudlati, before mentioned, Mr. 

 Gatschet also collected vocabularies and sentences of the following 

 languages: Shoshoni,Achomawi, Shasta, Wintun,Waccan(§ssisi,Wasko, 

 K14karaas, Molele, Nestucca, Yamhill, Lukamayuk, and Akantchuyuk. 

 In the collection of all these vocabularies the " Introduction to the Study 

 of Indian Languages," prepared for the Smithsonian Institution by Prof. 

 J. W. Powell, was used. 



Dr. H. C. Yarrow, U. S. A., now on duty at the Army Medical Mu- 

 seum, in Washington, has been engaged during the past year in the col- 

 lection of material for a monograph on the customs and rites practiced 

 in the disposal of the dead among the North American Indians. To aid 

 him in this work circulars of inquiry have been widely circulated among 

 ethnologists and other scholars throughout North America, and much 

 material has been obtained which will greatly supplement his own ex- 

 tended observations and researches. 



During the summer some interesting work was done in the exami- 

 nation of the stone graves of Tennessee, and valuable collections were 

 made. Professor Powell has co-operated with the Institution in providing 

 for a more thorough examination of the archfeology of the islands off the 

 shore of Southern California. This exploration was made by Eev. 

 Stephen Bowers, of Indianapolis, Ind., and his report will be published 

 with the papers of the Survey. 



A small volume, entitled "Introduction to the Study of Indian Lan- 

 guages," has been prepared. This book is intended for distribution 

 among collectors. In its preparation Professor Powell was assisted by 

 Prof. W. D. Whitney, the distinguished philologist of Yale College, in 

 that part relating to the representation of the sounds of Indian lan- 

 guages. A few preliminary copies have been printed and distributed 



