304 ON A POLYCHROME BEAD FROM FLORIDA. 



And yet, the manufacture of the star pattern and other kinds of beads 

 in glass and enamel, with varicolored spots and circles, is of great an- 

 tiquity. The art seems never to have been lost, and in later times to 

 have been chiefly cultivated at Venice, where more than five hundred 

 varieties are made. A local historian, Mr. Samuel Evans, of Columbia, 

 Pa., says the natives along the Susquehanna traded with the French for 

 fire-arms before 1608, and he mentions a trading-post at the mouth of 

 the river, established in 1631 by a person named Claibourne.* Charles 

 C. Jones t mentions that De Soto found European beads in possession 

 of the natives as early as 1510, and they seem to have been valuable 

 articles of trade at various periods and among many nations. They are 

 abundant in European mounds, where they occur in various shapes and 

 variegations of color, as may be observed in works devoted to antiqui- 

 ties.| The magnificent Cesnola collection in New York has varicolored 

 examples from Cyprus. The Kertch example (Archceologia, 34, pi. 5, f. 

 20) is blue with white circles. The same tints occur on Egyptian beads 

 in the Louvre, and on Phcenico-Greek specimens in the Liverpool Mu- 

 seum. The British Museum has beads from Tyre of a dark ground, some 

 with white circles, others with transverse zigzag bands. 



A Venetian bead known as " cornalino d' Aleppo " is widely spread. 

 It is red, with a white or yellowish center, and when strung or worked 

 into ornaments the white is scarcely apparent, so that it might be sup- 

 posed that redheads would answer as well. Possibly they are more pleas- 

 ing to the eye when sold in bulk. I have specimens of it from Abyssinia, 

 Algeria, in native work of Demerara, in a medicine-bag probably from 

 the Eocky Mountains, in moccasins of the kind made by the Indians of 

 New York and Canada, and Mr. W. n. Holmes of the Hayden expedi- 

 tion picked up a specimen near the trail in the vicinity of the ancient 

 ruins of the Rio Mancos, in Southwest Colorado. Mr. Holmes also found 

 a small elliptic white enamel bead among the debris of the ruins, but 



* Lancaster, Pa., Expres3, Marcla 8, 1876. 



t Antiquities of the Southern Indians, 1873, pp. 235-237, 520. 



t Archseologia, 1851, vol. 34, cuts p. 117, and pi. 5, including a Sabine example (f. 27), 

 two from Kertch (f. 20, 21), and three from Egypt. AU these are varicolored. The 

 spheric and sulcate forms, figs. 8, 13, 15, known as "Druid's beads," occur in Egypt, 

 and are represented in a large and varied collection of ancient Etruscan specimens 

 which I owe to the liberality of the distinguished archaeologist, Signer Alessandro 

 Castellani. Among its representatives of the plate referred to are fig. 20 (Kertch), 23 

 (cylindric, Nubia), 25 (triangular, Egypt), 27 (spotted, Sabine), and 35, with colored 

 rings. 



K. C. Neville, Saxon Obsequies, 1852, pi. 18-22, containing several hundred figures, 

 mostly varicolored. 



John Yonge Akerman, Remains of Pagan Saxondom, 1855, cuts p. xxviii, and colored 

 plates 12 and 21, with thirty or forty varieties. 



Faussett (op. cit.), pi. 5, 6, 7, figures in single tint and varicolored of about two hun- 

 dred examples. 



Achille Deville, Histoire de I'Art de la Verrerie dans I'Antiquit^, 1873, pi. 78-9, vari- 

 gated ; pl. 5, uuicolored. 



