THE INDIANS OF PERU. 313 



fear or flight. The old name of " Eiiim" is to be found as that of an 

 Indian sovereignty in the southern part of the Pampa, although one does 

 not hear of it nowadays. The Campas have generally a broader chest 

 than is common with the other tribes, proportionate to the height, and 

 their hands and feet are often very beautiful as to size, and the instep 

 of the foot much arched ; their eyes are smaller than those of many 

 other tribes found in the Ucayali Valley, and the forehead has not 

 that breadth so common among the Conibos. The progress first made 

 among them by the friars has had the effect of causing a good many 

 reports as to their advance in the mechanic arts, and 1 heard, while 

 upon the Ere and Tambo Eivers, that they knew now the art of work- 

 ing in iron, although I could never ascertain this fact from those whom 

 I saw of that tribe. Being the Ishmaelites of the Ucayali basin, there 

 was little to be learned of them from their neighbors. 



]\Iany of the tribal names mentioned by the friars in their early voy- 

 ages down the Ucayali are not now to be heard on that river. Some 

 have disappeared by war, others by pestilence, and some have left for 

 " parts unknown." The old "Pano '' lives now only as a sort of basis 

 for some of the dialects, especially the Eemo, Conibo, Sipibo, and Setibo. 

 The language of the old " Omaguas " tribe, which now is rarely heard, 

 is, I am told, the most difficult of all to learn ; that one has to learn, in 

 fact, two dialects, the men using one set of words to express their ideas, 

 and the women another. In a modified form this is seen not only in 

 the Qnichua, but some other of the river dialects of the Upper Amazon. 



During my visit to the river country of the Pampa del Sacramento I 

 was unable to learn any traditions as to the Inca power having, in 

 ancient times, ever extended itself as far east as that portion of Peru. 

 However, in June, 1873, during an expedition made up the Pachitea and 

 Pichis Eivers, which flow through the middle and southwest of the 

 Pampa, I discerned, some 50 miles up the first-named stream, on the 

 face of a sandstone rock which formed a surface some 60 yards long by 

 40 in height, near the foot of which flows the river itself, a great num- 

 ber of representations cut into the rock, and which could also be dis- 

 covered by digging away the soil which had accumulated at the foot of 

 this stony rampart. Some of them have a relation with other relics 

 found in the interior districts of Peru. The Indians whom we had with 

 us had never heard of or seen these tracings before, although they had, 

 at least a few of them, gone up higher than this point, and lived near 

 the mouth of the Pachitea Eiver itself. 



It is a very noticeable fact that these tribes of the lower platforms of 

 the Montana of Peru, and of its continuation into Brazilian territory, do 

 not seem to be an aboriginal race, or one suited to their habitat. They 

 remind one of refugees from some other clime, and have the appearance, 

 as to the conquest they make over the difficulties of their situation, of 

 "strangers in a strange land." The ease and frequency wuth which 

 they move from one part of the river to the other, according to the stage 



