610 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 19 3 



of the Pueblo Indians, which excited in him an interest still further 

 stimulated by the enthusiasm of Mrs. Mary Hemenway. In 1889 and 

 1890 he undertook field work among the Zuui Indians of New Mexico, 

 and in the latter year he made use of a phonograph — ^the first time, 

 it is believed, that it was so employed — in the recording of Indian 

 music. In 1891 be became director of the Hemenway Southwestern 

 Archeological Expedition and editor of the Journal of American 

 Archeology and Ethnology, established to publish the results of its 

 investigations. During the same year he began those studies of Hopi 

 ceremonials for which he became especially noted and which probably 

 constitute his most enduring contribution to American anthropology. 



These investigations were greatly facilitated by his initiation into 

 the Antelope and Flute priesthoods. The happy relationship thus 

 established enabled him to witness many secret rites from which the 

 ordinary observer was barred and his descriptions of many of the 

 ceremonials were the first to be published. His account of the Hopi 

 snake dance, which appeared in 1894, was a pronounced factor in 

 spreading the knowledge of this striking rite and stimulating popular 

 interest in it. In the following years he prepared additional reports 

 on various phases of it and although innumerable papers on the sub- 

 ject have been written in recent years, his works still furnish the 

 background and source of information for many of the descriptions 

 of the ceremony. 



The Hemenway expedition having been invited by the Spanish 

 Government to participate in the historical exposition held at Madrid 

 in 1892-93 to commemorate the discovery of America by Columbus, 

 Doctor Fewkes was given charge of the exhibit and he was a member 

 of the jury of awards. In recognition of these services he was 

 honored by Maria Cristina, queen regent of Spain, with the decora- 

 tion " Isabel la Catolica," grade of knight. In 1894 King Oscar of 

 Sweden presented him with a gold medal, " Litteris et Artibus," for 

 his work in anthropology. 



After returning to America, Doctor Fewkes resumed investiga- 

 tions in the Southwest, but they were soon brought to an end tempo- 

 rarily by the death of his patroness, Mrs. Hemenway, in 1894. The 

 collections made under his direction during this period are in the 

 Peabody Museum at Cambridge. 



In May, 1895, Doctor Fewkes received an appointment as ethnol- 

 ogist in the Bureau of American Ethnology at Washington along 

 with the honorary title of collaborator in the division of ethnology 

 in the United States National Museum, and the connection which 

 he established with the bureau at this time continued unbroken until 

 his resignation and retirement from active service in 1928. 



This constituted a turning point in his career in another direction 

 because, although he continued to publish the results of his work 



