612 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1930 



The season of 1905 found him carrying his investigations to the main- 

 land and doing work in northeastern Mexico. 



With the passage of the Lacey Act in 1906 providing for the crea- 

 tion of public parks or national monuments a new era dawned in the 

 history of Southwestern archeology, and the services of Doctor 

 Fewkes were at once enlisted by the Department of the Interior for 

 the exploration and restoration of ruins upon the public domain. In 

 1906 and 1907 he explored and repaired the famous Casa Grande 

 ruins of southern Arizona, but in 1908 transferred his labors to the 

 Mesa Verde National Park in southwestern Colorado and continued 

 there through the field season of 1909. The Avork of the latter two 

 expeditions consisted of the excavation and repair of the two large 

 clilf dwellings called Spruce-Tree House and Cliff Palace. His re- 

 ports, magazine articles, and lectures on these spectacular ruins at- 

 tracted many visitors to the park and greatly simulated public inter- 

 est in the subject of Southwestern archeology. 



In 1909 and 1910 he visited large undescribed cliffhouses in the 

 Navaho National Monument, northern Arizona, and prepared a pub- 

 lication on them. This turned the attention of archeologists to the 

 region and in the years immediately following several expeditions 

 were sent out from various institutions to conduct investigations in 

 the ruins. 



In 1911, he returned to the West Indies, visiting Cuba, the Isle of 

 Pines and Grand Cayman, and, in 1912, the Lesser Antilles, but the 

 following spring he w^ent to Europe where he spent part of his time 

 studying the West Indian collections in German and Danish museums. 

 While in Europe at this time he made a trip to Egypt in order that 

 he might observe the methods employed by the egyptologists in their 

 excavations. He was especially interested in the technique of repair 

 which they had developed and was able to adapt certain features of 

 it to his later work in the Southwest. 



The summer of 1914 found him again in the Southwest, This time 

 his activities were centered in the Mimbres Valley in southwestern 

 New Mexico and as a result of his investigations the highly pictorial 

 form of ceramic decoration peculiar to the region became generally 

 known. Publication of papers on this pottery led many institutions 

 to send parties into that field. Digging there has continued 

 unabated to the present day. 



The summer of 1915 was spent on the Mesa Verde in southern Colo- 

 rado. During the season two ruins, Sun Temple and Oak-Tree 

 House, were uncovered. Sun Temple, because of its unusual shape 

 and indications that it had been erected solely for ceremonial pur- 

 poses, attracted a great amount of attention and illustrated articles 

 about it were printed by many newspapers and magazines throughout 



