FEWKES — SWANTON AND ROBERTS 613 



the country. No sin^jle ruin on the mesa onu«j:ht the public fancy as 

 did Sun Teniplc and up to tlie time of his with(hawal from active 

 participation in archeok)gical affairs Doctor Fewkes was caUed upon 

 to answer many letters of inquiry refj^ardinj; the structure. 



Early in the liikl season of lOlG, Doctor Fewkes returned to the 

 Hopi country in Arizona with the hope that he might locate some 

 of the villages which Indian traditions attributed to clan migra- 

 tions during the period antedating the founding of the Hopi towns. 

 From there he worked eastward into western New Mexico and con- 

 ducted a reconnaissance in the vicinity of Gallup. Completing his 

 survey of the ruins in that section he proceeded to Mesa Verde where 

 the remainder of the season was devoted to conducting excavations in 

 the Mummy Lake group of ruins. The remains of the pueblo struc- 

 ture uncovei-ed were given the name Far View house. This piece of 

 work was considered important because it showed that there was no 

 outstanding difference between the houses built in the large natural 

 caverns and those erected on the mesa tops. At the close of the work 

 on the mesa Doctor Fewkes made a trip into the Uintah reservation in 

 eastern Utah for the purpose of determining the noithern limits of 

 the pueblo cultures. On this survey he observed and reported many 

 tower and house ruins which previously liad been unknown. 



In 1017 he spent the field season conducting a rocoPinaissaiice in 

 the McElmo district of southwestern Colorado. This was done in 

 an effort to discover, if possible, what the relation between the many 

 towers and circular structures of that section and the Sun Temple 

 ruin might be. He found little of help in that respect but did estab- 

 lish the fact that most of the ruins scattered throughout the area were 

 comparable to the ruin on the mesa which he called Far View House. 

 The problems involved became so intricate that lie returned to the 

 same region in 1918 and continued his survey in an effort to obtain 

 further information. As a result of this he was able to postulate 

 the development of the great conununal dwellings out of small house 

 and village clusters. Curiously enough, at that time neither he nor 

 other investigators in the Southwest placed much emphasis on this 

 theory of the evolution of the house. The work of recent yours con- 

 ducted by younger men has shown that his idea was a sound one and 

 that he had foreseen what excavation has actually shown. 



On March 1, 1918, Doctor Fewkes was appointed chief of the 

 bureau of which he had so long been an active member. However, 

 this appointment scarcely interrupted the course of his field investi- 

 gations. 



In 1919 he continued his work on Mesa Verde excavating the ruin 

 known as Square Tower House and the remains of a pit dwelling 

 which was designated Earth Lodge A. The latter was interesting 

 28095—31 40 



