BYED ANTAECTIC EXPEDITION GOULD 249 



less, since the first surveys by Scott in 1902 the shelf -ice front or 

 barrier does not seem to have appreciably changed its latitude; yet 

 there have been great northward movements in parts of it. Alter- 

 nate observations by Scott and Shackleton near McMurdo Sound 

 indicate a northward movement of more than 1,000 feet a year; 

 but even here the front has remained more or less stationary. The 

 ice is pushed forward, breaks off as bergs, and floats away. We have 

 no measurements giving us a definite northward rate of movement 

 anywhere else. Eastward from Discovery Inlet to the Bay of 

 Whales our hasty observations indicated that there had been no 

 fundamental changes in outline since the Scott survey of 1902. True 

 enough. Discovery Inlet had a somewhat different outline from 

 that given on Scott's charts ; but it was still obviously the same bay 

 mapped by Scott. 



We found in places that the outline of the Bay of Whales had 

 greatly changed since Amundsen's surveys. With the help of Konne 

 we were able rather definitely to locate Framheim, and so far as 

 we can judge from Amundsen's astronomical observations compared 

 with our own there has been no pronounced northward movement 

 since his time. Cape Man's Head, one of the most distinctive features 

 on the east side of the bay, looks very much as it did when photo- 

 graphed by Amundsen. Nevertheless, there is a considerable amount 

 of movement in the shelf ice about the Bay of Whales; and the ice 

 of the bay itself underwent profound changes even during our brief 

 stay beside it. From the southern end of the Ba}^ of Whales we noted 

 the same two great zones of active crevasses observed by Amundsen. 

 One trends southwest and the other southeast, and both could be 

 followed inland 30 to 40 miles. The ice of the Bay of Whales itself 

 is subject to intense lateral thrusts. In places the strain has been 

 relieved by the formation of the great pressure ridges ; in other parts 

 of the bay and often between the pressure ridges themselves the ice 

 has been squeezed into a great series of veritable anticlines and syn- 

 clines. In the main part of the bay the axes of these folds are paral- 

 lel to the axis of the bay. Whence come the great thrusts that have 

 caused all this disturbance without noticeably affecting the shelf-ice 

 boundaries on either side is still largely a mystery. A complete aerial 

 survey was made of the bay, and perhaps when the mosaic is com- 

 pleted we shall be able to answer this question and further deter- 

 mine the relation of the major crevasse zones to the ice phenomena 

 of the bay itself. 



In attempting to reach Little America during the summer of 1930 

 the City of Neio York was blown far to the westward, fetching up 

 against the shelf ice within sight of Mount Erebus; and thus in 

 order to reach the Bay of Whales she had to sail along almost its 

 entire front. Time was too short to make any but the most hasty 



