BIRD BANDING LINCOLN 345 



from the point of banding, 28 being recaptured during subsequent 

 breeding seasons. It therefore appears, as Mr. Kahnbach has 

 pointed out (loc. cit., p. 68), that "something more tlian 23 per cent 

 of the wintering starlings of Washington were essentially resident 

 birds." Determination of this fact is of much importance in plan- 

 ning control measures against the large winter roosts. 



Another contingent apparently has developed or is developing 

 migratory habits, as many of the Washington birds have been re- 

 ported from northern points, mostly from Pennsylvania and New 

 York. Kecoveries at Wallingford, Vt., Cape Vincent, N. Y., and 

 Cornwall and Elgin, Ontario, constitute the most northern points 

 from which these birds have been recovered. 



In subsequent winters a few returns were received from points 

 as far south of Washington as southeastern Virginia. It is possible 

 that these represent some of those that had developed the migratory 

 habit, had nested north of Washington, and had merely gone on past 

 the Capital when on their autumnal migration. Additional evi- 

 dence of such a migratory flight is contained in the record of a 

 starling (A200521) banded November 20, 1928, at Norristown, Pa. 

 where it was apparently a winter resident, and recovered at Palatka, 

 Fla., in December, 1930. 



Long-range returns. — Banded birds recovered at long distances 

 from the points of banding, are naturally of exceptional interest. 

 Through the friendly cooperation of correspondents in many regions 

 these records are increasing rapidly. Particularly is this true of 

 South and Central American and Caribbean countries, while there 

 are now three records of American banded birds (Arctic terns) 

 that v/ere recovered in the Old World. 



The migration route of the Arctic tern {Sterna 'paradisaea) has 

 long been one of the unsolved ornithological problems. Its breeding 

 range is circumpolar, while in winter it has been found south to the 

 Antarctic Continent. The problem has been to determine the path 

 followed by those birds that breed in northeastern North America. 

 Austin (1928) points out that while south of Long Island, N. Y., 

 the species is practically unknown on the Atlantic coast of either 

 North or South America, large numbers of these birds have been 

 observed during the latter part of August, between Newfoundland 

 and the Irish coast. 



During the summers of 1927 and 1928 Doctor Austin was engaged 

 in ornithological investigations on the coast of Labrador where he 

 banded several hundred of these terns. One (548G56), banded as a 

 nestling in Turnevik Bay on July 22, 1927, was found dead near 

 La Rochelle, Charente-Inferieure, on the west coast of France, on 

 October 1, 1927. Another (548138), also banded as a chick on July 



