1 JOT ANY. . 479 



euces in the wood. He finds, however, that the species of most of the 

 tribes, such as Genistece^ Balbergieo', etc., do exhibit common char- 

 acters, and in a few genera, e. (/., Cassia, Cercis, Podali/ria, *S'o2>/jorfl, the 

 species may be distinguished by histoh)gical characters. The structure 

 of the Chenopodiacecv has been worked out in an elaborate manner by 

 Professor St. Gheroghieff (Bot. Centralbl., xxx and xxxi), and he finds 

 that many species may be distinguished by the histological elements of 

 stem or roots. 



The further contributions to this same general subject have been 

 unusually numerous. A few only may be mentioned by title: Daguil- 

 lon, ''Structure of the Leavesof Certain Conifene" (Bull. Sec. Bot. France, 

 XXXV); Flot, "Aerial Stems" (/. c); Baillon. "Ovules of Plantago" 

 (Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn., Paris, 1887); Penzig, "Anatomy and Diseases 

 of the Aurautiauoic " (Rome, 1887) ; Halsted, "Trigger-hairs of the Thistle- 

 fiower" (Torr. Bull., xv) ; Schenck, "Anatomy of Water Plants" (Uhl- 

 Morin u. Haeustein's Bibliot. Bot., i) ; Coulter and Rose," Development 

 of the Fruit of Umbellifene" (Bot. Gaz., xii). 



The literature relating to the fertilizationof flowers has been particu- 

 larly extensive, and during the year much valuable information has been 

 obtained. Thus Hildebrandt (Bot, Zeit., xlv), has studied the fertiliza- 

 tion of Oxalis, and j)articularly the trimorphic forms. For example, in 

 Oxalis Boiciei the short-styi.ed form was found to be only imperfectly 

 iertile when polinated with its own pollen, and the seedlings from this 

 form produced only mid styled plants, while the short-styled crossed 

 withthe mid-styled produced mid-styled plants exclusively. Many other 

 equally interesting results were brought out. Burck (Ann. Jard. Bot. 

 Buitenzorg, vi), who hasbeen working on heterostylism and self fertiliza- 

 tion, announces the finding of transition forms between dimorphic and 

 trimori)hic flowers in species of Conarius, Arerrhoa, etc. Robertson, 

 (Bot. Gaz., XII), describes the method of fertilization of Calopogonparvi- 

 fiorns, asserting that it is accomplished by small bees; Lindman (Bot. 

 Centralbl., xxxii), describes methods for fertilization of certain Alpine 

 plants, and Magnus (Bot. CoiitralbL, xxxiii), has studied the pollina- 

 tion of *S'/7e/«e in/r; fa. Jordan's i)aper, "Beitr, z. physiologischen Or- 

 ganography d.Blumen "(Ber.deutsch. Bot. Gesell., V), isoneof themost 

 extensive. He studied flowers representing three classes, viz: Actino- 

 morphic honey-flowers, Aetiiwmorphic pollen flowers, and Zygomorph'w 

 honey-flowers. He found in all an evident adaptation for cross fertiliza- 

 tion by aid of insects. The polination of Zannirhellia palustris is de- 

 scribed by Roze (Morot's Journ. Bot, i). The single stamen is located 

 at the base of the cu|)uliform perigyne, which includes from one' to six 

 pistils, is at first almost sessile, but just before flowering the filament 

 elongates and carries the anther above the pistils and the i)()llen in fal- 

 ling is caught by the funnel-shaped stigmas. IMaeLeod ( Arch, de Biol., 

 VII), has added a sort of appendix to the great work of .Aliillcr on the 

 fertilization of flowers. 



