BOTANY. 483 



anometer, and Barns {op. eit) has described a registering anxanoiiR'ter. 

 Goodall (Am. Journ. Sci. xxxv) has described a combination auxano- 

 meter and clinostat. Campbell has recorded some interesting experi- 

 ments (Dot. (laz., XII) regarding the successful staining of the nuclei of 

 living cells. A 0.1 per cent, solution of dahlia, a violet-purple pigment, 

 Avas made and this diluted with from fifty to one thousand parts of water. 

 The object, as for example the stamen hairs of Tradescantia, on being 

 immersed in this solution for a time had the nuclei very deeply stained. 

 The ordinary protoplasmic movements were not interfered with in any 

 way. Campbell has also another note on the absorption of analine 

 colors by living cells (Bot. Gaz., xii), a continuation of investigations 

 first made by Pfeffer. Welling has a short paper in The Microscope, 

 VIII, on staining and mounting i)lant sections, and Doherty (Am. 

 Month. Mic. Journ., ix) has given extensive notes on the staining of 

 animal and vegetable tissues. 



TEXT r.OOKS. 



The following text-books have api)eared during the year : " Elements 

 of Botany," by Gray ; " Botanische Practicum," second edition, by Stras- 

 burger ; '' Course of Practical Instruction in Botany," Part ii, by Bower 

 and Vines ; " Elements of Botany " by llastin ; " A Manual of Botany," 

 fifth edition, by Beutly ; " fland-Book of British Flora," fifth edition, 

 Bentham and Hooker ; "A Primer of Botany" by Knight; " Schule- 

 Botanik " by Krause; " Botanique Elcmentaire" by Mangin ; " Lehr- 

 buch zum botanischen Untersicht" by Schramm; "Elementary Prac- 

 tical Biology (vegetation)," by Shore. 



DIATOMH. 



The IHatomasew collected by the Challeiujer expedition have been 

 worked up by Castracane and ])r('sentcd as volume ii of the Botany of 

 the expedition. He first reviews the biology ot diatoms, and writes of 

 geogra]jhical and bathymetrical distribution. He proposes the terms 

 '■' valval " and '■'• zonal " to take place of the confusing terms " side-view " 

 and " end-view." Several new genera and a host of new species are 

 described. The classification followed is that proposed in 1872 by H. L. 

 Smith 5 Costracane has also a note (Atti. Accad. Pontif. Nuovi Liiu;. 

 xxxviii), recoVding the iinding of diatoms in the stomachs of Echini and 

 Holotlmrecc dredged from a depth 2,511 to 5,274 meters. Imhof claims 

 (Biol. Centralbl., vi,that he has detected the pores through which pro- 

 toplasmic filaments are protruded in the valves of certain large species 

 of Surirella. Kain and Taylor have given (Torr. Bull., xiv) a list of 

 the diatoms found at Tampa Bay, Flori<la. Smith has a iu)te on diatom 

 structure in .Journ. (^uek. Mic. Club, iii, aiulSchiitt (Bot.Ziet., XLCii), 

 '''■ XJcber die Diatomeengattung CUietQceros," 



