500 RECORD OF SCIENCE FOR 1887 AND 1888. 



volume as a separate thing, after giving the publisher, uutil the ino. is 

 reached. 



A ^laTice at the bibliography accompanying this summary will exhibit 

 the abbreviations for longer words, and the following table will suffice 

 for single-letter abbreviations : 



a., aan, alia, auf, aus, aux, etc. 



b., bei, bij, etc. 



<]., das, degli, del, der, die, diu, etc. 



E., oast. 



e., ein, eino, eiuer, etc. 



f., for, for, fra, fiir, etc. 



g, goili. 



h,, bet. 



J., Jornal, Journal. 



K., Kaiserlicb, Koniglicb, Kouinklijke. 



K. K., Kaiserlicb Kouiglicb. 



1., las, les, los, etc. 



M., Medical, Medicine, Medico, etc. 



in.. luit. 



N., u., Nene, new, nouveau, nuova, uya, 



Nortb, etc. 

 u. F., ueue Folge. 



o., ocb, oder, over. 



]>., par, pei, pel, pour. 



Q., Quarterly. 



R., Raekke, Reeks. 



r., reale. 



8., Surgery, Surgical. 



8., series; e. g., 1 s., 2 s., etc. ; n. s., new 



series ; sulla. 

 t., tegeu, ter, till, tot, etc. 

 u., und. 

 ii., iiher. 



v., van, vid, von, voor, vor, etc. 

 V. p., various places of publication, 

 v. s., various sizes. 

 W., west, 

 z., zur. 



In the Bulletin of the Anthropological Society of Lyon, E. Chantre 

 gives a list of the laboratories and public collections in Italy relating to 

 man. (188V, 163-165.) 



There are already a number of excellent guidebooks for investiga- 

 tors, but Dr. Emil Schmidt added one more, entitled Anthropologische 

 Methoden, Anleitung zum Beobachten und Sammeln liirLaboratorium 

 und Reise. (Leipzig (188S). 333 p., figs., 8vo.) 



BIOLOGY OF MAN. 



Progress in human biology has been along many lines. The one most 

 persistently followed is that supposed to lead to the source of the species. 

 In the method of man's appearance on earth there are two sets of phe- 

 nomena to be distingnished, the establishment of the fact of his origin 

 and the proper answer to the question, How did this fact come to be. M. 

 Topinard well states the latter case in the following words: There are 

 two general processes of evolution, the one by the transfign ration of 

 species, according to Broca, the other by transformation, according to 

 Darwin. Darwin's method is by natural selection, Lamarck's method is 

 by adaptation to external circumstances of an organism stimulated by 

 internal needs. 



The Precis d'anthropologie of Hovelacque and Herve gives a fresh 

 impetus to the polygenic theory of man's origin. The evolution theory 

 is accepted, but men were evolved in more than one center and from 

 more than one pair. Tbis revived the suggestion made some years ago 

 of two races of men originating at the north and thesonth-pole, respect- 

 ively. The polygenic origin of our race is also ajjvocated in M. Debierre's 



