504 RECORD OF SCIENCE FOR 1887 AND 



well as every contrivance either stimulating or developing his mental 

 faculties, while increasing his personal enjoyment, materially diminishes 

 his animal vitality, rendering him less able to resist the effects of lethal 

 bodily injuries, or recover from them as well and as quickly as his bar- 

 baric ancestors, or his less-favored brethren. (Nature, 1887, p. 143.) 



The body in disease as well as in health may be interrogated about 

 the origin of man and the methods of his physical history. Dr. Mat- 

 thews writes about diseases among our Indians; Max Bartels upon. the 

 rate of healing ; McKee and Tecce upon the results of cousin marriages. 

 In the same direction are the studies of abnormal forms, moTistrosities, 

 such as microcephals, maternal impressions upon the offspring, platy- 

 cnemism, ])ygmies, splanchnology, tailed men, the defective classes, su- 

 pernumerary organs. 



This leads us to the anatomy of the cadaver and the examination of 

 exhumed skeletons. The pelvis, the thorax, the long bones of the arm 

 and of the leg, the scapula, the teeth, and other parts of the mouth, 

 the nose, the orbit, have all been thoroughly studied by RoUet, Fau- 

 velle, Collignon, liertillon, Giacomini, Prochownick, Runge, Manou- 

 vrier, Dwight, Kibbe, Pohlman, Harderup, Riccardi, Testut, Matthews, 

 Beddoe, and Daubes. Upon these studies it is proposed to build a cor- 

 rect account of our racial history and of our origin. 



But the great mass of anthropological anatomists still expend their 

 labor upon the skull and the brain, separately and in relation to each 

 other. Under cranial measurements and cranial indices consult the 

 papers of A. B. Meyer, Sergi and Moschen, Sanson, Emil Schmidt, J. 

 G. Garson, O. Fraenkel, Legge, Mies, Dight, Laloy and Beuedikt, Topi- 

 nard and Shufeldt. Upon the evolution of the brain, its mass, its con- 

 volutions, its intimate and comparative structure and functions we have 

 to consult the papers of Pozzi, Simms, Toi)inard, Fauvelle, Manouvrier, 

 Herve, Bechtereu, Benedikt, RoUeston, Sergi, Houzd, Collignon, Arbo, 

 Fallot, and Luys. 



In this same connection the question of topography in the brain and 

 cranio cerebral topography have been discussed by Dr. Cunningham, 

 of the Royal Irish Academy, by Dr. S. Brown, and by Dr. Bonnafort. 



To follow up this wide subject with any degree of thoroughness the 

 reader must consult carefully Arcliiv fur Anthropologie and Revue 

 d'Anthroiiologie. The Index Medicusand the Index-Catalogue of the 

 Surgeon-General's Library leave nothing to be desired in the biblio- 

 graphy of human biology in the widest acceptation of the term, and 

 relieve this summary from repeating a long list of biological journals. 



PSYCHOLOGY. 



Following closely after biology and entangled with it beyond hope of 

 extrication is the modern psychology, which within its proper area in- 

 cludes nmny investigations into the origin of mind, the study of animal 

 intelligence, of the faculties of the mind, of tbe diseases, abnormalities, 



