ANTHROPOLOGY. 505 



and idiosyncrasies of niinil, of uiiiisiial statos of niiiul exhibited in 

 ecstasy, hypnotism, and ndnd leading'; psyidiophysics and tlie })hysical 

 substratum of mental operations, and various otiier recondite problems 

 not amenable to classification. 



The first series of investii>atiou to consider relates to what Madamo 

 Clemence Koyer calls L'evolution mentaledans la serieorgaiiiciue. It has 

 at present a speculative rather than a practical manifestation. But the 

 inquiry about the Unseen from which our spirits come and to which 

 they return continues to excite the pens of sucli philosophers as Huxley, 

 Gladsrone, I)u Bois-lieymoud, Virchow, and Quatrefaj^es. 



A more practical form of investigation is that which treats mentality 

 {IS a l)ranch of nature with its individual growths from the egg, in its 

 genera and species, relatiou to environment, and so forth. And so we 

 folh)w^ with pleasure and without embarrassment M. Pietremeut iu his 

 study of hunting dogs, Romanes iu his matchless studies in the intelli- 

 gence of animals. Sir Joliu Lubbock long ago coiulucted important in- 

 vestigations along the same line, and the studies of Professor Cooke 

 are still fresh in our memories, The most interesting query started by 

 Lubbock iiKjuires into the existence of other organs of sense than our.-^.. 

 The natural history of intelligence, by which is meant the attempt to 

 apply the study of origin, growth, development, chorology, etc., to 

 mental processes has received great encouragement from the observa- 

 tion of animals. En our own country George and Elizabeth Peckham 

 have experimented on spiders and wasps, and in England Sir John Lub- 

 bock published a volume on the senses, instincts, and intelligence of 

 animals, witli special reference to insects. 



The genius of the investigation may be api)rehended in the following 

 paragraph : 



" We find in animals complex organs of sense, richly sui)[)lied with 

 nerves, but the function of which we are as yet powerless to explain. 

 There may be fifty other senses as different from ours as sound is from 

 sight, and even within the boundaries of our own senses there may be 

 endless sounds which we can not hear, and colors as different as red 

 from green, of which we have no conception. These and a thousand 

 other questions remain for solution. Tiie familiar world which sur- 

 rounds us may be a totally different place to other animals. To them 

 it may be full of music which we can not hear, of sensations we can not 

 conceive. To place stutted birds and beasts in glass cases, to arrange 

 insects in cabinets and dried i)lants in drawers, is merely the drudgery 

 and preliminary of study ; to watch their habits, to understand their re- 

 lations to one another, to study their instincts and intelligence, to as- 

 certain their adaptations and their relations to the forces of nature, to 

 realize what the world appears to them ; these constitute, as it seems 

 to me, at least, the true interests of natural history, and may even give 

 us the clue to senses aiul perceptions of which at present we have no 

 conception." 



