512 



RECORD OF SCIENCE FOR 1887 AND 1888. 



J. W. Powell. Dr. D. W. Brinton has also published notes on Amer- 

 ican ethnology. The following works have special reference : 



Aztecs : H. W. Hayne.s, Liicien Biart. 



Beotbucs: Lady Edith Blake. 



British Colninbia : Franz Boas. 



California peninsula : H. Ten Kate. 



Canada: E. Haniy. (It must also be 

 kept in mind that the British asso- 

 ciation appointed a special commit- 

 tee to study the Indians of the Do- 

 minion of Canada. ) 



Delaware or Lenapo : D. G. Brinton. 



Eskimo: H. Rink, Soreu Hansen, A. H. 

 Keane, Em lie Petitot. 



Kwakiutl: Frauz Boas. 



Missisaquas: A. F. Chamberlain. 



Mandans : Dr. Washington Matthews. 



Selish Indians of Tuget Sound : M. Eells. 



F.— Middle Amekica. 

 Antilles: Leon de Rosny. 

 Caribs: Pere de la Borde. 



Central America : Leon Laloy. 



Costa Rica: Wilhehn Herzog. 



Maya : F. A. de Rochefaucould. 



Mexico : C. Breker^ A. Baker, Alf. Chav- 



ero. 

 Panama: A. Piuart. 

 Toltecs, were they a historic nation : D. 



G. Brinton. 



G. — South America. 



Amazon tribes : J. F. Sfnith. 



Botocudos of Espirltu Santo and Minas 



Geraes : P. Ehrenreich. 

 Fuegians : Dr. Hyades, G. Sergi. 

 Guiana: H. A. Condreau, II. Ten Kate. 

 Paiaguay : Dr. Stewart. 

 Peru : O. Ordinaire. 

 Venezuela ; A. Erust. 



LANGUAGE. 



By many anthropologists language is placed among the biological 

 sciences. Such liberties with the terra, however, would consign the 

 whole study of man to the realm of biology. lu reality the true start- 

 ing point of anthropology is the study of invention, the consideratiou 

 of all those devices, institutions, ways and means through which our 

 race has made its progressive journey. 



Among the inventions or institutions that lie at the foundation of 

 culture, the most universal in time and place is language, or devices for 

 the communication of thought. 



The science of glossology is the anthropology or natural history of 

 speech. It therefore is concerned Vith origins, with classifications, 

 with life histories, with variation under stress, with as many questions 

 as would be asked about plants or animals. 



Indeed, the very first problem that confronts us is this : How far have 

 the animals anticipnted us in speech ; to what extent have they been 

 our teachers, and what suggestions of their activities and natural (pial- 

 ities have helped in forming the vocabularies of the world. 



Close on the heels of this inquiry comes the subject of gesture-lan- 

 guage, to the study of which Col. Garrick Mallery has devoted so many 

 years of patient research. The result of his labors, with references to 

 further authorities, are to be found in the publications of the Bureau of 

 Ethnology. 



Upon the biological side have appeared such works as Handman 

 upon the human voice and language in physiological i)sychology, Loew- 

 euberg's physiological researclies on nasal vowels, Marique upon the 



