ORIENTAL SCIENCE IN AMERICA. 685 



The doctrines of the resiirrectioii and of a world of the dead are 

 found among the oldest heathen religions ot Chaldea and Egypt. How- 

 ard Osgood maintains against negative critics that the same doctrines 

 are taught in the Pentateuch, especially in the narrative of Cain and 

 Abel. 



B. Pick discussed the Old Testament, i)assages applied Messiauically 

 by the ancient synagogue, in Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel, 

 and the twelve minor prophets. His work consists in the collection of 

 quotations from the Midrashim with reference to the promised Messiah. 

 He maintains {Christ and the Essenes) against Giusburg and Frankel 

 that whatever points of resemblance critical ingenuity may emphasize, 

 the teaching of Christianity was in a direction opposed to that of 

 Esseuism, and that the latter could have had no intentional connection 

 with the origin of Christianity. In describing the Therapeutfe, of 

 Egypt, a peculiar sect of Jewish ascetics, he points out agreements and 

 disagreements between this sect and the Essenes. The characteristics 

 of the two are so different that they can not be identical. Against Graetz 

 he maintains the genuineness of Philo's Tracta, and contends that the 

 Therapeutiie were Jews. 



Aaron Wise discussed the origin of Jewish angelology and demon- 

 ology. He holds that it could not have arisen at the time of the Baby- 

 lonian captivity, but antedates it. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



I. N. Fradenburg has undertaken to show the connection of certain 

 living religions of the Orient with the Jewish faith, and the connection 

 of certain others with Christianity. He treats of (1) the great re- 

 former of Asia, Buddha; (2) the old philosopher, Las-the, the contem- 

 porary of Confucius; (3) Confucius, his life, teachings, and his religious 

 system ; (4) Brahmanism and Hinduism, its caste, doctrines, precepts, 

 and speculations. 



I. H. Hall gave a note on a Khodian jar in the Boston Museum of 

 Fine Arts ; on one handle is the eponym and name of Doric month, and 

 on the other the name of the manufacturer, owner, or exporter. 



L. describes the Musee Guimet in Paris, which contains a collection 

 intended to teach the history of the characteristics of oriental religions. 

 The Christian and the Hebrew forms of worship are excluded ; there is 

 no other collection of the kind nearly so large, or so well adapted for 

 the study of the development of oriental and ancient civilization. 



Allan Marquand described an archaic [)atera from Kourion, belong- 

 ing to the Cesnola collection ; the central medallion is missing ; the cen- 

 ter zone represents a banquet scene ; the scene figured upon the patera 

 seems to be the autumnal Adonis festival, in which honor was paid to 

 both Adonis and Aphrodite. 



A. P. Peabody compared classic and Senntic ethics. Semitic moral- 

 ity has a ground or standard of right, and therefore a rensou for coU' 



