RIVER BASIN SURVEYS — F. H. H. ROBERTS 377 



were also determined, and a fairly complete record will be available for 

 future reference. The Towash Village, as previously mentioned, was 

 not far from the Stansbury site, a historic Indian village which also 

 was excavated. Another historic site studied in the Whitney Reser- 

 voir basin was that of Fort Graham, a frontier post dating 1849 to 

 1854. The outlines of one of the buildings, as well as several other 

 features, were located, and it was determined that the "Village of the 

 Caddoes," which was visited by Carl Ferdinand von Roemer, the 

 German geologist, in 1846, also had been situated there. 



The Falcon Reservoir area on the Rio Grande below the village of 

 Falcon in Starr County, Tex., contains a large variety of both historic 

 and aboriginal sites. The historic sites, consisting of the ruins of mis- 

 sions, ranches, and small villages, are attributable to the Spanish, Mex- 

 ican, Republic of Texas, and American periods. Some preliminary 

 digging was done in Spanish-Mexican colonial remains, both by the 

 University of Texas as a cooperative project with the National Park 

 Service and by a party from the River Basin Surveys. Local tradition 

 contains little or no information about most of the sites and no mention 

 is made of them in the better-known histories of the area. The ar- 

 chives in Mexico City or perhaps in Spain may contain documents 

 bearing on the colonial communities which once thrived there, but their 

 former existence presumably was not known until they were found by 

 survey parties. Preliminary digging has shown that at some of the 

 colonial sites aboriginal and European sections of the community 

 existed side by side but remained distinct, while in others the Indian 

 and white groups intermingled and materials from the different cul- 

 tures are mixed. Much-merited additional work in the area would 

 undoubtedly add greatly to the knowledge of the Spanish Southwest 

 and also would throw needed light on some acculturation problems. 



Excavations in historic sites in the Missouri Basin have been confined 

 mainly to frontier army and trading posts. In the Fort Randall Res- 

 ervoir area in South Dakota digging was done at the site of Fort Hale 

 on the west side of the river some distance above the present town of 

 Chamberlain. Fort Hale probably was occupied during the 1870's. 

 At that location evidence was found of a large building that probably 

 had been a trading post and two smaller buildings that may have been 

 part of the military establishment, and there were traces of a stockade. 

 There also was evidence for an earlier Indian settlement. In the same 

 general area but about 4 miles downstream on the same side of the 

 river was the site of former Fort Lookout, which was both a military 

 and a trading post. Work there revealed the fact that not only was it 

 the site of Fort Lookout but that it also was the location for the earlier 

 Fort Kiowa. Fort Kiowa was established in 1822 and abandoned in 

 June 1825. Archeological evidence indicated that its abandonment 



