502 SCIENTIFIC liECOKD FOK 1885. 



1013. Eaithquake, causing the loss of eleven lives. 



1104. First eruption of the Recla. 



1151. First eruption of the Trolladyngja. Several buildings were 

 destroyed by shocks of earthquake. 



1157. Second eruption of the Hecla, on the 19th of January, and earth- 

 quake shocks, causing the death of several persons. 



1167. Earthquake at Grimsnes, with a loss of nineteen lives. 



1182. Earthquake. Eleven people killed. 



1188. Second eruption of the Trolladyngja. 



1206. Third eruption of the Hecla, December 4, lasting until the fol- 

 lowing spring. 



1211. Submarine eruption near Eldeyjar, southwest of Eeykjanes. 

 Several new islands formed and others disappeared. In the south of 

 Iceland an earthquake, whereby eighteen people lost their lives. 



1222. Fourth eruption of Hecla. 



1225. Eruption in some unknown locality. The winter of this year 

 is called " the winter of sand." 



1226. Second submarine eruption to the southwest of Eeykjanes. 

 1231. Third submarine eruption to the southwest of Reylcjanes. 

 1238. Fourth submarine eruption to the southwest of ReyXJanes. 

 1240. Fifth submarine eruption to the southwest of Reylcjanes. Ac- 

 cording to Grisli Oddsson half of the peninsula was destroyed. 



1245. Second eruption of the Katla. Torrents of water were thrown 

 upon the plains of Solheima and the fields were covered with cinders 

 to a thickness of 16 centimeters. 



1260. Violent earthquake shocks in the north of Iceland. 



1262. Third eruption of the Katla. The volcano hurled out a mass 

 of water, ice, and stones,* which, it is said, raised the Solheimasandr 

 38 meters. (?) 



1294. Fifth eruption of the Hecla, accompanied by violent earth- 

 quakes and formation of crevices. The water in the wells assumed a 

 milky white color and the Rang^ changed its course. The rivers were 

 covered with dross, which the currents carried as far as the Faroe 

 Islands. Several hot springs disappeared on this occasion, while others 

 were formed. 



1300. Sixth eruption of the Hecla, on the 10th of July. This was one 

 of the most violent actions of this volcano. The cinders thrown out 

 were carried by the prevailing southwest winds to the north of the 

 island, where they caused great destruction, which was followed by a 

 famine. For two days complete darkness prevailed, and the Hecla 

 underwent considerable changes. On the 30th December an earth- 

 quake destroyed the farm of Skardh. Five hundred people, mostly in 

 the north of the islg^nd, died of the consequences of this eruption. 



* These torrents of -water, ice, stones, gravel, and sand, prodnced by the volcanic 

 eruptions in Iceland^ are called " JiJkellob." 



