504 SCIENTIFIC RECORD FOR 1885. 



1477. Eruption in an uninhabited region ; in the north of the ishind 

 a heavy fall of ashes followed by a famine. 



1510. Tenth eruption of the Hecla, on the 25th of July. Large masses 

 of lava were thrown to a distance of several miles, killing several peo- 

 ple. In the same year the sixth eruption of Trolladyngja is recorded. 

 These eruptions were followed by dangerous epidemics, to which many 

 people fell victims. 



1546. Earthquake at Olfus^ in the commencement of June. Several 

 farms were more or less injured. 



1552. Earthquake on the 2d of February. 



1554. Towards the end of May the eleventh eruption of Hecla, or 

 rather of the mountain chain forming its northeastern continuance. The 

 eruption lasted six hours, and the shocks of earthquake were so fre- 

 quent that the people quitted their houses and took up their abodes im 

 tents. 



1578. On the 1st of November the twelfth eruption of Hecla, which,, 

 although feeble, was accompanied by violent shocks of earthquakes 

 which destroyed several farms at Olfus. 



1580. Sixth eruption of the Katla, on the 11th of August. Destruction 

 of several farm-houses, but no loss of life. The current of water, ice, 

 sand, and rocks (Jokellob) thrown out by, the volcano took a southeast- 

 erly course. 



1581. On the 30th of May, earthquake at Rangdrvellir, demanding 

 several victims. 



1583. Seventh submarine explosion southwest of BeyJcjanes. 



1584. Violent earthquake. 



1597. Thirteenth eruption of Hecla, commencing on the 3d of Janu- 

 uary and lasting until March, while vapor was emitted until July.. 

 Eighteen columns of fire rose above the mountain, the cinders scat 

 tered over more than half the country, in the west as far as Borgarf- 

 jordhr, to the east as far as Lon, and to the north as far as Bd.rdharvalr., 

 and during twelve hours the detonations were audible at the extrem(>. 

 north of Iceland. The eruption was accompanied by earthquakes,, 

 which destroyed several farm-houses at Olfus. A large hot spring (the 

 Little Geyser) south of the farm of Reykir disappeared, but another one? 

 opened on the north side. 



1598. On the 10th of November, the third eruption of OraefajolcuU 

 and eruption at Grwisvatn (?). A northeast wind carried the ashes as 

 far as the Eyjafjordhr. 



1612. Eruption of the JEyjafjallajoJcull on October 12. 



1613. Violent earthquakes in the south of Iceland; destruction of 

 many farm-buildings. 



1618. Earthquake at Thingeyjarsi^sla, continuing from autumn until 

 Christmas. One shock broke down four buildings and produced a num- 

 ber of large crevices. 



1619. Fomteenth eruption of Hecla towards t]x& end of July. The 



