VULCANISM, ETC., IN ICELAND. 505 



asbes carried northward by a southwesterly wind produced an intense 

 darkness. 



1624. Earthquake at Fldi in November ; two farm buildings were 

 destroyed and a large number damaged. 



1625. Seventh eruption of Katla, from the 2d to the 14th of Septem- 

 ber. The " Jokellob" inundated the plain of Alptaver and surrounded 

 the Tliykktahaejarhlaustr and neighboring farms. The ashes were car- 

 ried as far as Bergen, Norway. At Skaptiirhunga they collected knee- 

 deep. Two districts were ruined. 



1630. Earthquake to the east of Thjorsa in winter ; six lives lost. 



1632. Earthquake in the fall. 



1633. Earthquake in the south, above Olfus. 



1636. Fifteenth eruption of Recla, lasting from tlie 8th of May until 

 the following winter. Thirteen craters were formed. The ashes were 

 carried to the southeast. 



1638. Erui)tion in an unknown locality in the east of Iceland. Tlse 

 water-courses in that section carried to the sea large pieces of pumice- 

 stone. 



1643. Earthquake near Christmas. 



1657. Earthquake, overthrowing several farm buildings atFljopehlidh. 



1658. Earthquake on Easter day. 



1660. Eighth eruption of Katla, lasting from the 3d to the 12tli 

 November. The powerful -'Jokellob" carried to the sea enoruious 

 masses of ice, rocks, and gravel to such an extent that the large sand 

 plains at the foot of the Katla were completely inundated and resembled 

 a stormy sea. The presbytery and the church of Hofdhabrekka were 

 torn away by the waters, the farm of Hofdhi completely demolished, 

 and four other farm buildings damaged to a considerable degree. Fish- 

 ing grounds of 38 meters depth were filled up by the eruption and 

 formed a dry beach. 



1661. Earthquake in summer. 

 1668. Violent earthquakes in winter. 



1671. Earthquakes at Grim.snes and Olfus; several buildings fell in. 



1681. Eruption of the SkeidhardrjoJcull. 



1685. Eruption in the vicinity of lake Grimsvtan. 



1693. Sixteenth eruption of RccJa from four craters ; very violent, 

 and lasting from the 13th of February until August. It was accom- 

 panied by shaking of the earth, which was even noticeable on the sea. 

 The volcano emitted blocks of lava of the size of houses ; the ashes 

 spread all over the island and were transported as far as Norway and 

 Scotland, while the pumice-stone was carried by the streams and cur- 

 rents as far as the Faroe Islands. 



1706. Very violent earthquakes in the south, on the 1st and 20th of 

 April, above Olfns and at Floi, where twenty-four large farms and a 

 number of smaller buildings were overthrown. The trembling, with 

 diminishing force, was felt beyond the Hecla, at Snaefellsnes, 



