GEOGEAPHY. 547 



attentively exaininiug geographical maps in relief, constructed on a 

 system of which M. de Mendouca, a Portuguese councilor of state, presi- 

 dent of the Banco Lusitaiio, possesses the patent and is the promulgator. 

 These relief maps are stated to combine the advantages genei:ally ad- 

 mitted to be possessed by relief maps and the convenience and accuracy 

 of maps on flat surfaces. This uevr method rapidly produces by a chem- 

 ical and mechanical process plane maps with the curves and altitudes 

 in relief, so represented as to correspond absolutely with the elevations 

 established by accurate observations. These maps are drawn on com- 

 paratively thin pai)er ; can be rolled up and placed in the narrowest 

 case, so that they are very light and portable, and are nob injured by 

 water. 



The editor of Science, under date of December 4, 1885, called attention 

 to a curious instance of persistency of error in map-making. Many 

 years ago an army expedition traversed the White Eiver region of Colo- 

 rado, going from Fort Bridger, Wyoming, to old Fort Massachusetts, 

 Colorado. In this neighborhood are "bad lands," eroded into curious 

 forms, which naturally suggest a ruined city ; the commander of the 

 expedition gave the locality the name of Goblin City, which name ap- 

 peared on his map. The map-makers, in their haste to fill uj) the blanks 

 in this unsettled region, jumped to the conclusion that this was a veri- 

 table settlement, and gave it a place on their maps — a place which it 

 has ever since retained. Not only have the commercial map-makers, 

 almost without exception, t^illen into this error, but such authorities as 

 the United States Engineer Office and General Land Office have adopted 

 it. The name has however been gradually changed from Goblin to 

 Goldin, and thence to Golden City ; while more than one enterprising 

 map-maker — reasoning probably that a city cannot exist without means 

 of communicating with other settlements, has constructed on paper a 

 road down the White Eiver to it. It is scarcely necessary to add that 

 there is not and never was a city in this neighborhood. Continuing his 

 very apposite comments on careless map-making, the same editor, in a 

 more recent issue, is inclined to think that if demand begets supply, 

 there must be a very limited demand for good maps in this country. 

 And any geographer who has had occasion to use trade maps of com- 

 paratively new regions must frequently have been sadly embarrassed 

 by the ai)parent carelessness in compiling them. 



HeinrichEutz and August Mer have recently independently studied 

 the voyage of Hanno, the Carthagiiuan. Both agree that its termina- 

 tion was at the island of Fernando Po, in the Bight of Biafra, called by 

 Hanno the Isle of Gorillas. The colony of Thymaterion is identified by 

 them, as by most authors, with the town of ]\Iazaghan, and the promon- 

 tory of Solo6 with Cape Cautiu. The river Lixus is regarded by Mer 

 as the Senegal, for weighty reasons, though Entz and others have 

 favored the Wadi Draa, much farther south Hauno's island of Cern6 

 was probably Goree, and his Western Horn (or Bsiy) was the Bight of 



